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CMT REVIEW

CMT REVIEW. What makes a good experiment? CAUSE AFFECTS EFFECT. All other properties remain the same, they are "controlled". A "VALID" experiment is one that assures that the result output (dependent variable) is due to the input (independent variable), not to any other factor.

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CMT REVIEW

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  1. CMT REVIEW

  2. What makes a good experiment?CAUSE AFFECTS EFFECT • All other properties remain the same, they are "controlled". • A "VALID" experiment is one that assures that the result output (dependent variable) is due to the input (independent variable), not to any other factor. • It also has a starting point to compare to, the "control"

  3. HYPOTHESIS:CAUSE and EFFECT • Independent and Dependent Variable Variable • "Control" "Responding" • "Manipulated" Measured Result • Input Output

  4. FAIR TEST • How _________ affects _________. Only change one property (factor, thing) at a time. CAUSE and EFFECT

  5. Catch IT Task MEASURE reaction time catching a ruler!

  6. ELABORATE • Investigation #2: What Affects Reaction Time? • In Investigation #1, you may have noticed that people have different reaction times. Through your research, you have learned how the senses and the brain communicate to cause reactions. What human characteristics or environmental conditions do you think might affect how fast someone can react? In Investigation #2, you will identify a reaction time question to explore.

  7. Experiment • Do your experiment following the steps below: • 1.DECIDE on a research question. RECORD it in your science notebook. • 2. DESIGN a plan to conduct your investigation. • 3. CREATE a data table in your science notebook that will help you keep your measurements organized. You will also want to record any unexpected observations and questions. • 4. CONDUCT your experiment. Collect and record data for each trial in your notebook. • 5. CALCULATE the average time it took for each subject to catch the ruler. RECORD the average reaction times for each subject in your data table. • 6. DRAW a bar graph that compares the average reaction times of your subjects for the factor you tested. • 7. INTERPRET the data. What conclusions can you draw based on the graph? Did the factor you investigated have an effect on the reaction times of your subjects?

  8. WHAT ARE THE BIG IDEAS IN EARTH/PHYSICAL SCIENCE? • Matter • Energy • How they interact • How do we use them?

  9. HOW DO WE OBSERVE MATTER? • Senses • Tools

  10. WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHANGE and a CHEMICAL CHANGE? • Physical Change is the same substance • Chemical Change new substance (compound)

  11. WHAT MAKES UP MATTER? • Molecules, atoms, elements, mixtures, etc…

  12. PUT THESE IN ORDER OF SIZE: Cell atom molecule grain of sand • Atoms make up molecules which are in cells which are smaller than a grain of sand

  13. WHAT'S AN ATOM? • Smallest part of an element that is still an element.

  14. WHERE DID YOUR ATOMS COME FROM? • The atom of oxygen inside the molecules of water in the cells in your body…. • …have been traveling around the earth since it was formed

  15. Does anything ever go away? • No!, just recycled around and around

  16. WHAT MAKES UP AN ATOM? • Protons and neutrons in the center (nucleus) • Electrons orbiting around

  17. HOW ARE ELEMENTS DIFFERENT? • Elements…. Different number of protons

  18. HOW IS THE PERIODIC TABLE PERIODIC? • Arranged by similar properties that repeat. • Elements in the same columns (groups) are alike, because the same number of outside electrons

  19. WHAT'S A COMPOUND? • 2 or more atoms joined together. • Like H2O, water (di hydrogen monoxide), or O2 (oxygen gas)

  20. WHY DO ATOMS JOIN? • Atoms join to exchange or share outer electrons

  21. RULE OF EIGHT • Lose an electron is POSITIVE (metals) Gain an electron is NEGATIVE (non metals) • OPPOSITES ATTRACT: Form Compounds IONIC (Give/Get)

  22. COVALENT (Share) • Organic compounds, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, share outer electrons.

  23. WHAT ARE THE STATES (PHASES) OF MATTER? • SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES

  24. What are the differences in the phases? • Gases: like preschoolers in a gym! • Liquids: like middleschoolers at a dance! • Solids: like elderly at a Bingo dinner!

  25. HOW DO THEY CHANGE FROM ONE TO THE OTHER? • Solid --> Liquid --> Gas Take In heat to break bonds • Gas --> Liquid --> Solid Give Off heat to form bonds (you could say take in cold)

  26. WHAT's THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEAT AND TEMPERATURE? • Temperature is the AVERAGE movement energy of each molecule. • Heat is the TOTAL energy transferred. • Campfire and Wood Match, same temperature, different heat

  27. WHAT ARE THE WAYS IN WHICH HEAT CAN BE TRANSFERRED? • Conduction: molecules touch like dominos • Convection: hot molecules spread apart from each other and rise, or cool and fall. • Radiation: Light/Heat travel to move molecules

  28. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE TEMPERATURE OF ICE AS IT MELTS? • It stays the same ( 0° C ) while melting… it takes in heat from the air to break the bonds NOT to make molecules move faster

  29. WHY DO YOU FEEL HOTTER ON A HUMID DAY? • You cool yourself by sweat evaporating (Liquid to Gas) and taking in heat from… • Your skin! • If the sweat can’t evaporate (air is “full”) you stay HOT!

  30. What causes weather? • Heat • Humidity • Air Pressure

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