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Classical Athenian Priestesses

Explore the pivotal roles of Athenian priestesses in ancient Greek society. This discussion includes identifying priestess images, analyzing their functions during festivals like the Panathenaic Procession, and understanding how they were chosen. We will delve into the historical context provided by Herodotus and other sources, examining the influence these women had on both religious practices and societal norms. Engage with topics like the significance of festivals, priestess selection, and contemporary relevance of their legacies.

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Classical Athenian Priestesses

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  1. Classical Athenian Priestesses By Grace Hammett

  2. Which do you think is an Athenian Priestess and why? • In pairs discuss which image you believe is of a priestess and why. • We will also discuss your expectations of the roles of a priestess and their involvement in society.

  3. Image A: Image B:

  4. Guess the object…

  5. Role of the priestess in Panathenaic Procession.

  6. Place tasks in order:

  7. Competition time: • Athena Nike vsAthena Polias.

  8. Please include: • What is the name of your cult? • How are priestesses chosen? • What evidence survives today about your priestess? • What festivals can I become involved in? • Why you think I should join? • Where is your temple located within the acropolis?

  9. Source Comparison: • Who, What, Where, Why and When. • Think about who produced it? • Why was it produced? • When was it produced?

  10. Ancient Source: • In 508 BC Herodotus (Histories 5.72.3) describes a scene in which a priestess of Athena ejects the Spartan King Cleomenes from the acropolis. • What does this tell us about the influence of a priestess? • How are they seen in society? • Would it have been different if it was another king?

  11. Grave Relief:

  12. Bibliography: Ancient Sources: • Herodotus. The Histories. Trans. Alfred Godley. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0126%3Abook%3D5%3Achapter%3D72%3Asection%3D3. (last accessed 15th January). • Pliny the Elder. The Natural History. Trans. John Bostock. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137:book=34:chapter=19&highlight=lysimache. (last accessed 15th January). Secondary Sources: • Blundell, S. 1995. Women in Ancient Greece. London: British Museum Press. • Boedeker, D. 2007. Athenian religion in the age of Pericles. In L.J. Samons II (ed.) Cambridge Companion to the Age of Pericles, 46-69. Cambridge: CUP. • Cantarella, E. 1987. Pandora’s Daughters: the role and status of women in Greek and Roman antiquity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. • Connelly, J. B. 2007. Portrait of a Priestess: Women and ritual in Ancient Greece. Princeton: Princeton University Press. • Dillon, M. 2002. Girls and Women in Classical Greek Religion. London: Routledge. • Humphreys, S. 1993. The Family, Women and Death. Comparative studies. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. • Jordan, B. 1979. Servants of the Gods: A Study in the Religion, History and Literature of Fifth-century Athens. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG. • Just, R. 1989. Women in Athenian Life and Law. London: Routledge • Keesling, C. 2012. Syeris, Diokonos of the Priestess Lysimache on the Athenian Acropolis (IG II2 3464). Hesperia 81.3: 476-505. • Lee, M. 2005. Constru(ct)ing Gender in the Feminine Greek Peplos. In L Cleland et al. (eds). The Clothed Body in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxbow. • Lougovaya-Ast, J. 2006. Myrrhine, the First Priestess of Athena Nike. Phoenix. 60 (3/4): 211-225. • Osborne, R. 1993. Women and Sacrifice in Classical Greece. The Classical Quarterly. 43(2): 392-405. • Patterson, C. 2007. Other sorts: Slaves, foreigners and women in Periclean Athens. In L.J. Samons II (ed.) Cambridge Companion to the Age of Pericles, 153-178. Cambridge: CUP. • Pomeroy, S. 1995. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves. New York: Schocken Books.

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