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Understanding Sound Waves: Properties, Doppler Effect, and Wave Interference

This overview of sound waves covers key concepts such as longitudinal waves characterized by regions of high and low pressure, and how they propagate through various media. It discusses the audible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic ranges, as well as the speed of sound, influenced by temperature and density (343 m/s at 23°C in air). The Doppler Effect is explained, demonstrating how frequency appears to change based on the motion of sound sources or observers. Additionally, the principles of wave superposition, interference, and characteristics of harmonics are explored, enhancing your grasp of wave dynamics.

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Understanding Sound Waves: Properties, Doppler Effect, and Wave Interference

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  1. Sound Introduction Longitudinal waves with regions of high and low pressure that travel through a medium Audible, Infrasonic, Ultrasonic Speed of sound varies with temperature and density of the medium 343 m/s at 23°C in air APHY101

  2. Sound Sound Waves Regions of condensation and rarefaction Example The particles experience simple harmonic motion as the wave passes them Remember that the particles are already moving when the wave reaches them. 11/9/2014 APHY101 2

  3. Sound Doppler Effect Apparent change in the frequency of the wave due to motion of the source or observer Sound (trains, sirens) and light 11/9/2014 APHY101 3

  4. Sound Supersonic Speed and Shock Waves Shockwave and Mach cone 11/9/2014 APHY101 4

  5. Wave Superposition and Interference Superposition Adding the displacements of two or more waves that are interacting. Constructive and destructive APHY101

  6. Wave Superposition and Interference Standing Waves Adding of two identical waves moving in opposite directions Simulation Nodes and Antinodes String and wind instruments 11/9/2014 APHY101 6

  7. Wave Superposition and Interference Harmonics 11/9/2014 APHY101 7

  8. Wave Superposition and Interference Harmonics 11/9/2014 APHY101 8

  9. Wave Superposition and Interference Beats Interference of two sounds with different frequencies Tuning instruments in an orchestra 11/9/2014 APHY101 9

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