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Exploring Political Participation: Types, Modes, and Influences on Governance

This lecture by Prof. Paolo R. Graziano delves into the dynamics of political participation, examining how citizens vary in their willingness to engage in democratic processes. It discusses Milbrath and Goel's (1977) classifications of citizens as gladiators, spectators, or apathetics, highlighting electoral and non-electoral forms of participation. The lecture further explores modes of participation such as voting, campaigning, and community activity, as well as unconventional methods like blogging and protests. It emphasizes the role of interest groups and social movements in influencing political decision-making within both democratic and non-democratic contexts.

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Exploring Political Participation: Types, Modes, and Influences on Governance

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  1. Political science AY 2010-2011 - Lecture7 “PoliticalParticipation” Prof. Paolo R. Graziano

  2. Citizens and participation • Citizens differ greatly with respect to their will to participate • Milbrath and Goel classification (1977) • gladiators (ex. activist campaigners) • spectators (ex. voters) • apathetics (ex. nonvoters) • Modes of conventional participation (Verbaet al., 1978): • voting • campaigning • communal activity • contacting

  3. What is political participation? • POLITICAL PARTICIPATION • “ways in which people can seek to influence the composition or policies of • their government” • Political participation may be: • electoral • nonelectoral

  4. Nonelectoral political participation • Citizensmay decide nottovote… • …butstillparticipate in a givenpolitical system. • Howcan theyparticipate? • - interest groups • - social movements

  5. Forms of nonelectoral participation • interest group: • - formallyorganizedassociation • - aimedat influencingdecision-making • - withlimited and conventionalformsofparticipation • - and primarelyperformsaninterest articulationfunctionsinceitdoesnot compete in elections. • social movement: • - informalorganization • primarilyaimed at sharing common values and (also) at • influencingdecision-making • - withmultiple and conflictualformsofpoliticalparticipation

  6. Forms of nonconventional participation • blogging • boycotts • buycotts • peacefulmarches • massive (and continuos) demonstration • Unconventional vs. violentformsofpoliticalparticipation, • which include: • deliberate (and premeditated) violence • suicide missions • genocide

  7. Participation in nondemocratic states • limitedautonomyofcivil society (e.g. groupswhich sit above the personal realmof the family butbeneath the state) • constrained (or regimented) participation • clientelisticparticipation (e.g. characterizedbyclientelistictieswherea patronprovidesprotection and eventuallyother material goodsto a numberoflower-statusclientswho, in exchange, offertheirsupport)

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