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Monitoring Network of the Alpine Region for POPs and other Organic Pollutants

Monitoring Network of the Alpine Region for POPs and other Organic Pollutants. www.monarpop.at. Stresa, June 2006. Project Team. Germany. Austria. Switzerland. Slovenia. Italy. Project Team (incl. subcontractors). Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics

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Monitoring Network of the Alpine Region for POPs and other Organic Pollutants

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  1. Monitoring Network of the Alpine Region for POPs and other Organic Pollutants www.monarpop.at Stresa, June 2006

  2. Project Team Germany Austria Switzerland Slovenia Italy

  3. Project Team (incl. subcontractors) • Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics • Austrian Federal Environment Agency – Project Management • Austrian Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Resources - Leadpartner • Bavarian State Ministry for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection • German Federal Environmental Agency • GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health • INCA Laboratory, Veneto • Institute of Organic Analytical Chemistry, Univ. Basel • Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardia • Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of Veneto • Slovenian Forestry Institute • Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape • Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research

  4. The Reasons why

  5. The Reasons why • To gain information on the pollution load in the Alps • carry out steps of awareness raising, information and implementation • to protect the rich natural heritage in the Alps as a clean and healthy environment.

  6. The Reasons why: POPs are a heterogeneous group of biologically harmful compounds are toxic to organisms including humans They degrade slowly and accumulate in organic matter and in organisms. • Some POPs are commercially produced, others are undesired by-products of industry, transport or domestic needs.

  7. The Reasons why: POPs MONARPOP includes all compounds which are listed and laid-down in the UNEP Stockholm Convention on POPs and in the UN-ECE Protocol on POPs. MONARPOP focuses as well on possible new POPs and upcoming pollutants. The screening includes PCB, polybrominated biphenylethers (PBDE used as flame retardents), combustion products (dioxins and furans,PAH) and various Organochlorine pesticides (OCP), Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP), selected chlorinated hydrocarbons Additional selected samples: perfluorinated compounds (PFOS), and Nonylphenol

  8. The Reasons why Alpine regions have unfavourable conditions with regard to the POP input: • Barrier effects for long-range transported air masses • Higher precipitation at higher altitudes  more deposition • Higher wind velocities at higher altitudes  more deposition • Lower temperatures at higher altitudes  cold condensation, less volatilisation and less degradation of POPs

  9. Starting point • Information on the load of alpine regions with POPs are scarce • First results reveal that alpine regions might be an important sink for POPs • Higher located areas seem to have higher concentrations of POPs • Unfavourable conditions of alpine regions with regard to the input of POPs • Requirements of the UN-ECE POPs-Protocol (1998) and the UNEP Stockholm Convention on POPs (2001) for monitoring and research • MONARPOP project

  10. The Project Design MONARPOP goals are: • Identifying the long-range transport and the load with POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) and other organic compounds in remote alpine regions. • Identifying regional differences and altitudinal effects on the load with POPs and other organic compounds. • Establishing mass inventories of POPs bound in forests in the alpine region (soil and needles). • Finding indications for sources of the POPs detected in alpine regions.

  11. The Project Design MONARPOP goals are: • Investigating possible effects and biological impacts of the detected loads (bioassay tests, analysis of enzyme activities). • To provide information to the decision makers and to establish a monitoring tool which will allow by future reassessments to control the success of the POP convention

  12. The Project Design Sampling Sites: Geographical and altitude distribution m a.s.l Zugspitze3000m Sonnblick3106m Weißfluhjoch2966m

  13. Air and deposition sampling semipermeable membranes 1/2-year old needles, humus layer mineral soil 0-10 cm The Project Design Altitude profiles: 3 19 42

  14. The Project Design Why forests? • Main terrestrial sink for such compounds • Prevailing ecosystem type in the alpine region • Rich in species and a lot of important functions (e.g. drinking water supply, recreative features, protection from avalanches, mudflows) • No disturbance by soil tilling or pesticides; biomass harvesting is rare. Therefore, detected loads origin only from atmospheric inputs.

  15. Sampling of Terrestrial Matrices

  16. Sampling of Terrestrial Matrices Humus/soil and needle sampling:

  17. Sampling of Airborne Pollutants

  18. Sampling of Airborne Pollutants Air samplers are installed at three meteorological stations: Austria Sonnblick 3106m Germany Zugspitze 2650m SwitzerlandWeißfluhjoch 2663m

  19. Sampling of Airborne Pollutants Active Sampling: 4 filters at each sampler are used to distinguish between pollutant imports from different regions. The Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics determines the travel routes (trajectories) of the incoming air masses. Filter 1 – Air masses from Northwest and West:  Examples for source regions: Great Britain, Germany Filter 2 – Air masses from Northeast:   Examples for source regions: Czech Republic, Poland, Baltic region Filter 3 – Air masses from Southwest, South and Southeast:   Examples for source regions: Africa, Spain, Italy, Adria Filter 4 – Air masses from Cleanair regions:   Examples for source regions: Atlantic sea, Polar regions

  20. Sampling of Ambient Air Sampling equipment developed by Austrian Federal Environment AgencyandGerman GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health in cooperation with the manufacturers Dioxin Monitoring Systems, DIGITEL enviro-senseand Kroneis

  21. Sampling of Ambient Air The Low Volume sampler

  22. Sampling of Ambient Air The High Volume sampler

  23. Sampling of Bulk Deposition Deposition sampler

  24. SPMD Samplers SPMD in meteorological cabins

  25. Installation of Air and Deposition Sampler

  26. Sampling Site for Airborne Pollutants

  27. Sonnblick, 9. May 2005

  28. Zugspitze, 20. December 2005

  29. Sonnblick, 7. December 2005

  30. non-volatile longchain chlorinated paraffins Outlook First outcomes and results are expected in 2006 One example: First detection of chlorinated paraffins in needles (Iozza et al., Institute of Organic Analytical Chemistry, Univ. Basel)

  31. Acknowledgements MONARPOP is funded by the EU-Interreg-IIIb “Alpine Space Programme” and by national funds from several project partners I would like to thank the following project partners for the great cooperation and their efforts to install this monitoring network Rodolfo Bassan, Claudio Belis, Dieter Heublein, Saverio Iozza, Thomas Jakl, Gert Jakobi, Manfred Kirchner, Wilhelm Knoth, Norbert Kräuchi, Walkiria Levy-Lopez, Teresa Magnani, Wolfgang Moche, Michael Oehme, Ivo Offenthaler, Barbara Perthen-Palmisano, David Schmid, Karl-Werner Schramm, Helga Schrott, Peter Schröder, Isabella Sedivy, Primož Simončič, Peter Weiss, Ursa Vilhar

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