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Understanding Gear Design and Operation: Characteristics, Types, and Applications

This comprehensive overview explains the design characteristics and operational fundamentals of gears, including torque multiplication and overdrive principles. Discover how gears transmit rotating motion, their interactions with shafts, and the significance of gear ratios. We'll explore key gear types, including spur, helical, and bevel gears, and delve into concepts like torque calculation, gear reduction, and gear overdrive. The interplay between different gears and shafts is crucial in various mechanical systems, enhancing functionality in vehicles and machinery.

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Understanding Gear Design and Operation: Characteristics, Types, and Applications

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Presentation Transcript

  1. GEARS Chapter 29 – Black Book Chapter 2 – Chek Chart

  2. Objectives • Explain design characteristics of gears • Explain torque multiplication fundamentals • Explain Overdrive fundamentals • Explain Gear Operation

  3. Gears Purpose • Transmit rotating motion • Normally mounted on shaft • Transmits rotating motion from one parallel shaft to another

  4. Interaction • Gears and Shafts can interact three ways • Shaft can drive the gear • Gear can drive the shaft • Gear can freewheel on shaft

  5. Gear Design • Gears must have same pitch to operate together • Gear Pitch • The number of teeth per given unit of pitch diameter • To determine pitch: divide number of teeth by the pitch diameter of the gear

  6. Tooth Design

  7. Types of Gears • Spur Gear • Cut Straight across • Spur gears only have one tooth in contact at a time • Minimizes chance of popping out of gear • Handles torque well • Used for Reverse

  8. Helical Gear • Are quieter than spur gears • Two teeth at a time contact • Has a tendency to move shaft for and aft • Are left and right handed • Opposites on parallel shafts

  9. Spur Gears vs. Helical Gears • Spur gears are straight cut parallel to shaft • Helical gears are angle cut to gears axis of rotation

  10. Internal Gear Teeth • Most gears are external. (teeth on the outside) • Internal gear used with pinion gears • External gear rotates same direction of internal gear • External gear rotates opposite with another external gear

  11. Idler Gears Located between drive and driven gear Used in reverse gear trains Transfers motion without changing rotational direction

  12. Gear Ratios • Can multiply torque and speed • Can reduce torque and speed • Same size and number of teeth = no change in output • Equal size gears create equal output • Small drive gear to larger driven gear = driven gear speed decreases • Larger drive gear to smaller driven gear = driven gear speed increases

  13. Gear Ratio Calculations • Gear Ratio can be found by dividing number of teeth on driven gear by the number of teeth on the driving gear. • Ex: 75 driven teeth : 45 drive teeth = 1.66 gear ratio Page 740

  14. Gear Reduction • Speed decreases • Torque Increases • When speed is halved, torque doubles • Most manual transmissions are speed reducing, torque increasing

  15. Gear Overdrive • Speed Increases • Torque decreases • When speed is doubled, torque is halved • Used for fuel milage • Factory overdrives vs. Aftermarket overdrives

  16. Torque • Torque is calculated by multiplying force applied by the distance of the force from a center of a pivot point. • Gears apply torque • Ex: 10 ft lbs applied to 1 foot drive gear to a 2 foot driven gear = 20 foot lbs torque Page 740

  17. Torque Multiplication • Used for lower gears in a manual transmission equipped car • 4:56 = low gears • For Acceleration • 2:56 = high gears • For mileage

  18. External Gears • When two external gears mesh, they rotate in opposite directions

  19. Bevel Gears • Change the direction of rotation • Spider gears are straight cut bevel gears • Transfer motion between two shafts at an angle to each other

  20. Ring and Pinion • BEVEL GEARS • Used as a final drive in RWD vehicles

  21. Ring and Pinion Final Drive

  22. Worm Gear • Drives a spur gear • Provides maximum tooth contact • Used in recirculating ball steering boxes • Speedometer cable drive mechanisms

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