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This overview highlights pivotal moments in the American Civil Rights Movement, beginning with the Little Rock Nine in 1957, when nine Black students faced intense opposition while attempting to integrate a high school in Arkansas. The federal government's intervention, led by President Eisenhower, marked a significant turning point. Then, it chronicles the Greensboro Four sit-in in 1960, sparking nonviolent protests and a wave of sit-ins across the South. Lastly, it details the Freedom Riders of 1961, who bravely challenged segregation in interstate travel, facing violence but laying the groundwork for future legal changes.
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1957 • Not all schools integrate easily. Little Rock, AR school blocks nine black students from entering on order from the Governor. • President sends in National guard and federal troops to intervene.
Greensboro 4 • Four college students sit-in at a segregated lunch counter and try to order lunch. They are refused, though are allowed to stay. • Sparks similar sit-ins throughout the south. • Six months later the men are finally served lunch • Sit-ins would be effective throughout the south in parks, pools, theaters, etc.
Freedom Riders • Students began taking bus trips in the south. • They are testing the new laws against discrimination on travel (bus and rail). • Attacked by angry mobs along the way.
1962James Meredith • James Meredith becomes first black student to enroll at Univ. of Mississippi. • Riots ensue. • Kennedy sends 5,000 federal troops to deal with it.