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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties, pH, and Neutralization Reactions

This overview explores the fundamental concepts of acids and bases, examining their properties, dissociation, and the pH scale. Acids, like HCl and H2SO4, increase the concentration of H+ ions, while bases (alkalis) like NaOH increase OH- ions. Key properties include taste, conductivity, and reactions with metals and indicators. The distinction between strong and weak acids or bases, as well as concentrated and dilute solutions, is crucial for understanding their behavior. Neutralization reactions are highlighted, demonstrating how acids and bases interact to produce salts and water.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties, pH, and Neutralization Reactions

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  1. Acids and Bases!Introduction

  2. Acids Chemicals that increase the concentration of H+ ions in an aqueous solution HCl H+ + Cl- H2SO4 2H+ + SO4-2

  3. Properties of Acids • Taste sour • React with metals to make H2 gas • Conduct electricity • Mix with bases to make water and salts • Turn pH paper red

  4. Bases Chemicals that increase the concentration of OH- ions in an aqueous solution NaOH Na+ + OH- Sometimes you will hear them called “Alkaline”

  5. Properties of Bases • Taste bitter • Conduct electricity • Mix with acids to make water and salts • Turn pH paper blue • Slippery

  6. pHScale pH is a way of measuring the concentration of H+ ions in the solution Remember: A – B (alphabetical) 1 – 14

  7. Strong vs. Weak vs. Concentrated vs. Dilute • Strong = dissociates completely • Weak = dissociates <5% • Concentrated = LOTS of the acid/base, a little bit of water • Dilute = a LITTLE bit of acid/base, a lot of water

  8. Dissociation HCl H+ + Cl- HNO3  H+ + NO3- H2SO4  H+ + HSO4-  2H+ + SO42- DIPROTIC Two hydrogens to come off

  9. Neutralization Reaction Acid+ Base  Salt + H2O HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH

  10. In reality… H+ + H2O  H3O+ Hydronium Ion (Can be used interchangeably with H+)

  11. Indicators • Chemicals that you can add to your solution. They will turn color to show you the pH Phenolphthalein turns pink when BASIC

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