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Basic Thermochemistry

Basic Thermochemistry. Courtesy of lab-initio.com. CA Standards. Units for Measuring Heat. The Joule is the SI system unit for measuring heat:. The calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree. Energy. Heat (Enthalpy) Change, Δ H.

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Basic Thermochemistry

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  1. Basic Thermochemistry Courtesy of lab-initio.com

  2. CA Standards

  3. Units for Measuring Heat The Joule is the SI system unit for measuring heat: The calorie is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree

  4. Energy Heat (Enthalpy) Change, ΔH • Energy is the capacity to do work, and can take many forms • Potential energy is stored energy or the energy of position • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion • Thermal energy (heat) is an outward manifestation of movement at the atomic level Definition:The amount of heat energy released or absorbed during a process.

  5. Calorimetry The amount of heat absorbed or released during a physical or chemical change can be measured, usually by the change in temperature of a known quantity of water in a calorimeter.

  6. Processes in which energy is released as it proceeds, and surroundings become warmer Exothermic Processes Reactants  Products + energy

  7. Processes in which energy is absorbed as it proceeds, and surroundings become colder Endothermic Processes Reactants + energy  Products

  8. Water phase changes constant Temperature remains __________ during a phase change.

  9. Processes occur by addition of energy  Phase Change Diagram  Processes occur by removal of energy

  10. Phase Diagram • Represents phases as a function of temperature and pressure. • Critical temperature: temperature above which the vapor can not be liquefied. • Critical pressure: pressure required to liquefy AT the critical temperature. • Critical point: critical temperature and pressure (for water, Tc = 374°C and 218 atm).

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