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ETHERNET DEVICES

This article explores the core objectives and functionalities of Ethernet devices, including hubs, bridges, and switches. It explains the CSMA/CD algorithm, which helps prevent and manage collisions on a network. Learn how devices listen, transmit, and deal with collisions through a detailed step-by-step process. Additionally, discover the drawbacks of each device type, such as high collision rates in hubs and the slower performance of bridges. Switches, on the other hand, improve network efficiency by eliminating collisions and enabling full-duplex communication.

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ETHERNET DEVICES

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  1. ETHERNET DEVICES -BY MUJTABA FARAZ

  2. OBJECTIVES • CSMA/CD Algorithm • Hubs • Bridges • Ether Switches • Working of Ethernet switches

  3. CSMA/CD Algorithm • CSMA/CD logic helps to prevent collisions and also defines how to act when a collision does occur. • Working of CSMA/CD: • Step 1: A device with a frame to send listens until the Ethernet is not busy • Step 2: When the Ethernet is not busy the sender(s) begin sending the frame • Step 3: The sender(s) listen to make sure that no collision occurred • Step 4: If a collision occurs, the devices that had been sending a frame each send a jamming signal to ensure that all stations recognize the collision • Step 5: After the jamming is complete, each sender randomizes a timer and waits that long before trying to resend the collided frame • Step6: When each random timer expires, the process starts over with step 1

  4. Draw Backs of CSMA/CD: • It does not prevent collision rather it ensures that the Ethernet works well even though collision occurs • Only one device can send frame at any one instant of time • The logic of waiting to send a frame until a LAN is silent makes the Ethernet half duplex • Random timing after the jamming signal effects the speed of the Ethernet

  5. HUBS • Hubs are also known as repeaters with multiple physical ports • Hubs regenerates the electrical signal that comes in one port and sends the same signal out every other ports • Hubs has one Collision and broadcast domain • Draw Backs of Hub: • High collision rate • Overall Network Performance is low • Not efficient for big network

  6. Network Bridges • Bridges are intelligent devices • They have the ability to learn MAC addresses • Bridges divides the network into multiple collision domains • Draw backs: • Bridges are slow devices • Separate software is used learning the MAC address

  7. SWITCHES • Ethernet switches eliminates the collisions in the network • Each port of a switch is one collision domain • Communication in a switch is full duplex • High Speed Communication

  8. How Does Switch..Switches

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