The Church Christ in the World Today

1. The ChurchChrist in the World Today Unit 5 Mr. Salter

2. Unit 5 Articles • 38 The Church and Evangelization • 39 The Church and Hierarchy • 40 The Pope: Visible Head of the Church • 41 The Role of Bishops in Church Hierarchy • 42 The Priesthood • 43 The Diaconate • 45 The Mission of the Laity • 46 The Work and Vocation of the Laity • 47 The Consecrated Life: Religious Orders • 48 Other Types of Consecrated Life

3. Vocabulary Words • bishop: One who has received the fullness of the Sacrament of Holy Orders and is a successor to the Apostles. • candidacy: A formal period of discernment with other men who are considering the priesthood. Also known as pre-theology, this generally lasts for two years. • college of bishops: The assembly of bishops, headed by the Pope, that holds the teaching authority and responsibility in the Church. • collegial: Characterized by the equal sharing of responsibility and authority among the members of a group who form a college. The bishops of the Church together with the Pope at their head form a college, which has full authority over the Church. • consecrated life: A state of life recognized by the Church in which a person publicly professes vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • discernment: From a Latin word meaning “to separate or to distinguish between,” it is the practice of listening for God’s call in our lives and distinguishing between good and bad choices. • domestic: Relating to household or family. • domestic church: Another name for the first and most fundamental community of faith: the family.

4. Vocabulary Words • eremitic: Having to do with hermits. • hermit: A person who lives a solitary life in order to commit himself or herself more fully to prayer and in some cases to be completely free for service to others. • hierarchy: In general, the line of authority in the Church; more narrowly the Pope and the bishops, as successors of the Apostles, in their authoritative roles as leaders of the Church. • Holy See: This term is a translation of the Latin sancta sedes, which literally means “holy seat.” The word see refers to a diocese or seat of a bishop. The Holy See is the seat of the central administration of the whole Church, under the leadership of the Pope, the Bishop of Rome. • institute: An organization devoted to a common cause. Religious orders are a type of religious institute. • Latin Church, Latin Rite: That part of the Catholic Church that follows the disciplines and teachings of the Diocese of Rome, especially the liturgical traditions. It is called the Latin Church or Latin Rite because Latin has been the official language since the fourth century. The majority of the world’s Catholics belong to the Latin Rite. • ministry: Based on a word for “service,” a way of caring for and serving others and helping the Church fulfill its mission. Ministry especially refers to the work of sanctification performed by those in Holy Orders through the preaching of God’s Word and the celebration of the Sacraments. The laity helps the Church fulfill its mission through lay ministries, such as that of lector or catechist.

5. Vocabulary Words • monk: Someone who withdraws from ordinary life, and lives alone or in community, in order to devote oneself to prayer and work in total dedication to God. • presbytery, presbyterate: The name given to priests as a group, especially in a diocese; based on the Greek work presbyter, which means “elder.” • priesthood: When a transitional deacon is ready, he is ordained by the bishop with Holy Orders to the priesthood. • province: A grouping of two or more dioceses with an archbishop as its head. • (religious)brother: A lay man in a religious order who has made permanent vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • (religious)sister: A lay woman in a religious order who has made permanent vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

6. Vocabulary Words • secular: Relating to worldly concerns; something that is not overtly religious. • seminarystudy: Sponsored by his diocese, a priest candidate enters seminary for priestly formation and theological studies, generally lasting four years, plus one year of working in a parish in the diocese. • TransitionalDiaconate: About a year before ordination to the priesthood, a seminarian is ordained to the Transitional Diaconate (different from the Permanent Diaconate), at which time he makes vows of celibacy and obedience to the bishop. • vicar: Someone who serves as a substitute or agent for someone else. As the Vicar of Christ, the Pope acts for Christ, his human representative on earth. • vocation: A call from God to all members of the Church to embrace a life of holiness. Specifically, it refers to a call to live the holy life as an ordained minister, as a vowed religious (sister or brother), in a Christian marriage, or in single life

7. Greek Words Episcopate - A term for bishop’s governance Presbyter - A common tern for an ordained minister (priest) Diakoinia - The Greek word for “service” Monastic - Derived from the Greek word for “alone” Eremitic - Derived from the Greek word for “desert”

8. 38 The Church and Evangelization • Faithful Citizenship p 142 • Christian responsibility to promote the sacred dignity of life (via politics) • All Christians are called to evangelize via: • Laity at home and work • Married couples within their families • Young people at school and with friends • Religious Orders via special charisms • Ordained Ministers (deacons, priests, bishops) • Mother Teresa evangelize through service • RedmptorisMissioevangelize to: • Those who have never heard the Gospel • Those who are active in their faith • Those who have fallen away from the Church • Inculturationa respectful encounter between Christians and other cultures (a two-way street)

9. 39 The Church and Hierarchy • Ecclesial • Relating to the Church (ecclesiology study of the Church) • All members of the Church are equal in dignity, though they have different roles • Hierarchy and Divine Authority • The hierarchy consists of ordained ministers • The top of the hierarchy is the Pope • The Vatican Curia p 151 • A complex of offices that administer Church affairs • The Holy See -“holy seat” of the Bishop of each Diocese • Particular Church – diocese • Domestic Church – the family and home • The Church is comprised of two distinct groups: Hierarchy and Laity

10. 40 The Pope: Visible Head of the Church • Is the Pope Catholic? • Titles of the Pope P 153 • Successor to Peter • Bishop of Rome • Head of College of Bishops • Vicar of Christ • Pastor of the Universal Church • John Newman – the case for the Pope’s authority not being in the New Testament p 155 • Pope Gregory called the Papal office to be a “Servant of Servants”

11. 41 The Role of Bishops in Church Hierarchy • Bishop successor to the Apostles • Task to teach, sanctify and govern the Church • Facts about Bishops • Receive the apostolic authority in the fulfillment of the Sacrament of Holy Orders • Each bishop is head of a local diocese • Providence -a grouping of two or more dioceses (often a state) with an archbishop as the head • An Ecumenical Council – a worldwide gathering of bishops to discuss matters of faith and morality • A Synod is a meeting of Bishops from a Providence or local Church • Ignatius of Antioch (100) insisted Church members follow the authority of Rome

12. 42 The Priesthood • Presbyter • Common Priesthood the priesthood of all the faithful • Ministerial Priesthood the ordained priesthood, through the laying on of hands • Sacramental Priesthood - 6 of 7 sacraments • Baptism, Penance, Confirmation, Anointing of Sick, Matrimony, Eucharist • Administering a Parish • Religious Education / Catholic school • Visiting the sick • Spiritual care • Staffing / buildings • Discernment – to separate or distinguish between; the process of sorting out what God is calling you to be

13. 43 The Diaconate • Diaconate – “service” • Is a permanent order of the Church received via the sacrament of Holy Orders • Men; can be married • Not a full-time paid position (have full-time jobs) • Deacon - Role of Service • Service of Liturgy • (Only 3 sacraments) Baptism, Anointing of Sick, Matrimony • Service of Word • Homilies, Catechesis, bible study • Service of Charity • Minister to prisons, sick, hungry, social services, financial • St. Stephen the first martyr of the Church • Latin Church – the original official language of the Church and all those Churches that are in harmony with the Church

14. 45 The Mission of the Laity • Laity (Lay people) p 173-5 • The laity’s primary role is to witness to God’s love in the world via the Priestly, Prophet, Kingly role • Priestly (the Way) • Participate in the prayer life of the Church • Liturgical roles • Prophet (the Truth) • Gospel of Life and the Culture of Life • Having a sense of faith to evangelize • King (the Life) • Being a leader – Christian leader • Choosing what is good • Secular typically means related to worldly concerns, something that is not overtly religious

15. 46 The Work and Vocation of the Laity • The Work of the Laity • Called to seek and build the Kingdom of God • At work, school, home; witness to your faith • Marriage – witnessing via sacramental love for each other • Virginity for the sake of the Kingdom • Civil authority to create a society where truth, freedom, solidarity and justice reign • 3rd Orders – lay order of Religious Orders • Domestic Church • Foundation of Christian faith, knowledge, love • Parental roles

16. 47 The Consecrated Life: Religious Orders • Consecrated Life • Take public profession of vows of poverty, chastity and obedience • Religious Orders • Make public profession of evangelical, share a liturgical character and belong to institutes recognized by the Church • Dedicated to saying the Divine Office (Liturgy of Hours) • Hermits went to the desert to dedicate themselves to following Christ • Monks lived a monastic life (meaning alone) • Women religious are called “sisters” (nuns) • Non-ordained male monks are called “brothers” • Religious Order’s unique Charisms

17. 48 Other Types of Consecrated Life • Hermits • “Go to the desert “ to be alone in solitude with God in prayer • Thomas Merton a contemporary hermit • Consecrated Virgins • An official public vow taken by laity (poverty, chastity and obedience) • Married to the Church • Secular Institutes • Single men; single women; traditional Catholics • Share retreats, meetings, daily prayer • Societies of Apostolic Life • Live in houses (communities) toward a common purpose