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The Organization and Opening of Congress: Key Procedures and Leadership Roles

Congress convenes on January 3rd every odd-numbered year, with the House appointing a Speaker and adopting governing rules. The Senate, a continuous body since 1789, swears in new members and fills vacancies. The President delivers the State of the Union address to both Houses, typically in late January or early February. Key leadership roles include Speaker John Boehner, Majority Leader Eric Cantor, and Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi in the House, along with President Joe Biden and Majority Leader Harry Reid in the Senate. Understanding these roles and processes is crucial for grasping Congressional operations.

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The Organization and Opening of Congress: Key Procedures and Leadership Roles

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  1. Chapter 12 Section 1 Congress Organizes

  2. Congress Convenes • Opening Day in the House • January 3rd every odd-numbered year • Appoint a Speaker and adopt rules to govern their proceedings • Mostly a formality • Opening Day in the Senate • It is a continuous body organized since 1789 • Swear in new members, fill vacancies

  3. State of the Union • Usually late January or early February • Delivered to both Houses • Comes from Article II, Section 3

  4. Presiding Officers House • Speaker – John Boehner • Majority Leader – Eric Cantor • Majority Whip – Kevin McCarthy • Minority Leader – Nancy Pelosi • Minority Whip – Steny Hoyer Senate • President – Joe Biden VP • President Pro Tempore – Patrick Leahy • Majority Leader – Harry Reid • Majority Whip – Dick Durbin • Minority Leader – Mitch McConnell • Minority Whip – Jon Cornyn

  5. 112th Senate Representation

  6. 112th House Representation

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