Infection of the genital tract

1. Infection of the genital tract Done by: Tasneemabuetailakh Safaaalijla

2. Infection of the genital tract - Bacterial - Viruses - Fungi - parasite

3. Bacterial

4. Syphilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal bacteria treponemapallidum subspecies pallidum. The primary route of transmission of syphilis is through sexual contact however it may also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy or at birth resulting in conginetal syphilis.

6. The signs and symptomes of syphilis vary depending on which of the four stages it presents in (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary). - The primary stage typically presents with a single 0chancre - secondary syphilis with a diffuse rash 0- latent with little to no symptoms - tertiary with gumms, neurological, or cardiac symptoms.

7. Treponemapallidum Treponemapallidum is a species of spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause treponemal diseases such as syphylis. It is not seen on a gram stain smear because the organism has a waxy coat around it that does not accept the Gram stain.

8. Chancroid Chancroid, or soft chancre, is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Haemophilusducreyi, a gram-negative bacillus. It is relatively uncommon in the United States, but is the most common cause of genital ulcers in Africa. The incubation period is 3 to 7 days. The lesion begins as a soft, red papule. Within 1 to 2 days, it becomes pustular, eroded, and ulcerated. The ulcer is usually 1 to 2 cm in diameter, painful, and covered by a yellowish or gray exudates; it bleeds easily when scraped. The edges of the ulcer are ragged and undermined.

9. Chancroid

10. Chancroid does not have a vesicular stage. In males the ulcer is typically located on the distal penis, but may occasionally occur in the urethra and anal orifice. In females, the lesions tend to be localized to the vulva but can also occur in the vaginal, perianal area, and cervix. Painful inguinal lymphadenopathy and over-riding erythema is associated with chancroid in nearly half of all cases in males, less often in female cases. The lymph nodes become fluctuant, can spontaneously rupture, and drain pus. Systemic symptoms can occur but are rare.

11. Chancroid Lesion is located in the anogenital area Lesion is a painful ulcer without eschar Lesion lacks vesicular stage

13. LymphogranulomaVenereum Lymphogranulomavenereum (LV) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by chlamydia organisms. LV is found most frequently in the tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The incubation period ranges from 3 to 12 days. The primary lesion is a 5- to 8-mm, soft, red, painless erosion or ulcer.

14. The ulcer heals spontaneously in a few days. The secondary stage begins 2 to 6 weeks later and is characterized by the appearance of tender, inguinal adenopathy, which develops with over- riding erythema and edema. The lymph nodes coalesce, may fluctuate, and drain spontaneously. Associated fever, chills, and malaise can be severe. The late stage of LV is characterized by anogenital strictures in untreated or under-treated cases.

15. GranulomaInguinale Granulomainguinale is a chronic bacterial infection of the genital region, generally regarded to be sexually transmitted. Granulomainguinale is a relatively rare disease occurring in people living in tropical and subtropical areas. It occurs more frequently in males. In the United States, while homosexuals are at greater risk, it is relatively rare in heterosexual partners of those infected.

16. GranulomaInguinale

17. Urethral discharge in males Discharge from the male urethra has many causes, but when an adult seeks medical assistance , the cause is often urethritis caused by a sexually transmitted infection . Purulent discharge from the urethra may be caused by either C.tracomatis (serotypes A-K) or N.gonorrhoeae .

18. Although N.gonorrhoeae typically causes a more obviously purulent discharge ,there is overlap in the clinical presentation and a high proportion of dual infection . The patient may have dysuria but some patients have urethritis without a clinically evident discharge .

19. Vaginal discharge Bacterial vaginosis: In bacteria , there is a thin discharge with a distinctive odour , which the patient may well notice . The condition is caused by a distutbance in vaginal flora that results in in an over growth of commensal anaerobic , the metabolic products the metabolic products of these include volatile amines , hence the smell.

20. Species including Gardnerellavaginitis and Mobiluncus sp. have been implicated as possible causes of condition ,but isolation of the organisms does not help in the clinical management of individual patient.

21. cervicitis Inflammation of the uterine cervix is usually caused by sexually transmitted infection with either N.gonorroeae or C.tracomatis . Cervicitis is the female counterpart of urethritis in adult males . Unfortunately , it is not so easily noticed and a large proportion of cases go undiagnosed .

22. The consequence of undiagnosed cervicitis is ascending infection of female genital tract , endometritis , salpingitistubo-ovarian abscess or disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) . The most important non-infective sequelae include infertility or , if the fallopian tubes remain patent, an increased risk of tubal pregnancy .

23. Pelvic infgammatory diseases PID is a term used to refer to infection of the female pelvic organs ,it is usually sexually transmitted . Infection of the fallopian tubes , the adjasent structures and abscesses in the pouch of Douglas usually occur as a result of assending sexually transmitted infection from the lower genetal tract .

24. N.gonorreae and C.tracomatisare prominent causes of PID . However, many cases are polymicrobial and feature other species such as anaerobic bacteria ,Sreptococci ,Mycoplasma and Ureplasma spp.

25. Intrauterine infection Infections of the uterus are uncommon and arise in several specific setting . Endometritis may occure as a consequence of ascending infection with N.gonorreae or C. tracomatisbut is rarly diagnosed as adistinct entity.

26. Infection may arise postpartum or postabortion , when bacteria from the vaginal flora gain access and establish an acute endometritis . This process is assisted by the presence of retained products of conception .

27. Postpartum ,the patient will have offensive lochia and fever . This was often caused by Streptococcus pyogen , but anaerobic and other bacteria may also be implicated . Extension of infection into the myometrium and spread via the bloodsream may develop rapidly.

28. Pelvic actinomycosis Amore insidious intrauterin infection is pelvic actinomycosis , caused by the bacterium Actinomycesisra . Infection occurs more commonly in women with IUDs . These patient may have any of the features of cervical or uterine infection .

29. The majority of patients who come to medical attention have have had actinomyces – like organism noted in cervical smear . In most cases , these are commensal organisms and don’t signify active infection . Management by removal of IUD ,but penicilline treatment is advised .

30. Epididymitis Is an infection of the epidydimis caused by avariety of bacterial species . In men under the age of 35 years most cases of epididymitis are caused by ascending sexually transmitted infection usually with : N . Gonorreae or C.tracomatis

31. In older men , infection is more often caused byenterobacteriaceas , Staph and Cornebacteriaspp The epididymis is tender to palpation and ther e may be local pain . If the infectin has arisen from ascending ,sexually transmitted infection there may be clinical picture of urethritis .

32. The condition may be difficlt to distinguish from testiculer torsion , in which case cergical removal is required .

33. Thank you

34. SafaaKhalil Organisms infect the genital tract

35. Abnormal vaginal discharge watery discharge white discharge thick white chunky discharge (like cottage cheese) swelling of the vulvar skin pain with intercourse painful urination redness of the vulva vaginal and labial itching, burning. These infections are more common after taking an antibiotic.

39. Fungal Candida albicans

40. Tests A history and physical exam will be performed A KOH smear identifies the Candida organism. Treatment Treatment inlcudes over-the-counter vaginal creams such as miconazole clotrimazole butoconazole terconazole . Prescription pills such as fluconazole vaginal suppositories, and creams are also available.

42. is a common sexually transmitted disease that affects both men and women Features of it include pain, itching and Painful blisters in genital area.Systemic symptom including fever & myalgia

47. Genital herpes Herpes simplex virus 1&2

48. Tests A history and physical exam will be performed. direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test can be done to establish the diagnosis Culture of a genital lesion may be done. Treatment Treatment includes suppression with medical therapy (acyclovir, famciclovir) pain medications acetaminophen nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications/NSAIDs (ibuprofen/Motrin or Advil, naproxen/Naprosyn).

50. The most common sexually transmitted disease There are many types that can infect the genital areas of males and females, and some can also infect the mouth and throat Unfortunately most people do not know they are infected with the it since the initial symptoms can be minor. In 90% of people the …. is cleared from the body without any treatment.