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Chapter 2: Vocabulary

Chapter 2: Vocabulary. Bridging the Gap, 9/e Brenda Smith. In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions:. How do you remember new words? What are context clues? Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? What will you find in a dictionary? What is a glossary? What is a thesaurus?

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Chapter 2: Vocabulary

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  1. Chapter 2: Vocabulary Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  2. In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions: • How do you remember new words? • What are context clues? • Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? • What will you find in a dictionary? • What is a glossary? • What is a thesaurus? • What are analogies? • What are acronyms? • How are transitional words used? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  3. Remembering New Words • Use Mnemonic Devices • Example: To remember that suppression means “to force out bad thoughts,” visualize SUPerman PRESSing evil thoughts away. Or remember the Superman movies. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  4. Remembering New Words • Associate Words in Phrases • Associate Words with Rhymes or Sounds • Associate Words with Images • Associate Words in Families • Seek Reinforcement • Create Concept Cards 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  5. Using Context Clues • Definition or Synonym • Elaborating Details • Examples • Comparison • Contrast • Antonyms 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  6. Understanding the Structure of Words • Prefixes • Suffixes • Roots • Word Families 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  7. Using a Dictionary • Guide Words. • Pronunciation. • Part of Speech. • Spellings. • Origin. • Multiple Meanings. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  8. Word Origins - Etymology • Bribe means - Favor or money given for influence • Origin - French bread given to a beggar 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  9. Using a Glossary A glossary is usually found at the end of a book or chapter. Sometimes the glossary and the index are combined. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  10. Using a Thesaurus Suggested Synonyms for Common Words Delinquency Fault Guilt Misconduct Shame Transgression 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  11. Using Analogies • Analogies are comparisons that call upon your word knowledge and your ability to see relationships. • You can use these relationships to figure out a word. • Example: Trash is to refuse as soil is to dirt. OR Fork is to eat as television is to entertain. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  12. Reader’s Tip: Categories of Analogy Relationships • Synonyms • Antonyms • Function, use, or purpose • Classification • Characteristics and descriptions • Degree • Part to whole • Cause and effect 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  13. Analogies (Synonyms) Synonyms: similar in meaning Example: Find is to locate as hope is to wish. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  14. Analogies (Antonyms) Antonyms: Opposite in meaning Example: Accept is to reject as rude is to polite. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  15. Analogies (Function) Function, use, or purpose: Identifies what something does, watch for the object (noun) and then the action (verb). Example: Pool is to swim as blanket is to warm. 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  16. Easily Confused Words • Homonyms: bear the burden and bear the animal • Other examples: • You’re, your • Stationary, stationery • There, their, they’re 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  17. Recognizing Acronyms • An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word. • What do these acronyms mean? • ATV • SCUBA • MRI • UNICEF 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  18. Recognizing Transitional Words Transitional words connect ideas and signal the direction of a writer’s thought. • “In addition”– signals a continuation • “But” or “However” – signals a change 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  19. Reader’s Tip: Types of Transitional Words • Addition • Example • Time Sequence • Comparison • Contrast • Cause and Effect 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  20. Summary Points • How do you remember new words? • What are context clues? • Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes? • What will you find in a dictionary? • What is a glossary? • What is a thesaurus? • What are analogies? • What are acronyms? • How are transitional words used? 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  21. Search the Net For suggested Web sites and other research activities, go to http://www.ablongman.com/smith/ 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

  22. Vocabulary Booster • Complete the Vocabulary Booster “Over, Under, Around, and Through.” 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

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