Understanding the Human Urinary System: Key Functions and Structures
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Presentation Transcript
Jeopardy Biology 12: Urinary System
THE KID KNEE! 100 Urine collects here in the kidney • Renal pelvis • Board
THE KID KNEE! 200 This artery carries blood to the kidney • The renal artery • Board
THE KID KNEE! 400 These carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder • Ureters • Board
THE KID KNEE! 600 This process carries urine down the ureter • Peristalsis • Board
THE KID KNEE! 800 These are located in the urinary bladder and trigger urination • Stretch receptors • Board
THE KID KNEE! 1000 Trace a urea molecule and a glucose molecule from the renal artery to the urethra/renal vein • UREA: Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT, collecting duct, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra • GLUCOSE: renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, efferent arteriole, renal vein • Board
EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 100 This is a delicate ball of capillaries • Glomerulus • Board
EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 200 This structure starts in the renal cortex, goes into the renal medulla but goes back to the renal cortex • Loop of Henle • Board
EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 400 This the network of capillaries that are branched from the efferent arteriole • Peritubular capillaries • Board
EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 600 These 3 structures are only found in the renal cortex • Bowmen’s capsule, PCT and DCT • Board
EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 800 Many nephrons join to form one of these • Collecting duct Board
EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 1000 These parts of a nephron are thicker due to the abundance of transport proteins in the lining of the tubules • PCT, DCT and last portion of the ascending LOH • Board
MAKING URINE! 100 Pressure filtration occurs between these two structures • Glomerulus and Bowmen’s capsule • Board
MAKING URINE! 200 These _________ molecules make up the ________ inside the nephron • Small, filtrate • Board
MAKING URINE! 400 This molecule is required during the process of selective re-absorption, without it, re-absorption would not happen • ATP • Board
MAKING URINE! 600 These are an example of molecules that are reabsorbed that do not require ATP • Water, Cl- (they follow the Na+ as its being pumped out of the PCT) • Board
MAKING URINE! 800 Water passes through the ________ portion of the LOH by ___________. • Descending, osmosis • Board
MAKING URINE! 1000 The filtrate in the descending LOH becomes “salty” for these reasons • - loss of water (osmosis) due to going into an hypertonic environment (the renal medulla) • Board
MAKING MORE URINE! 100 The descending LOH is permeable to ____ and the ascending LOH is permeable to ____ • Water, Na+ • Board
MAKING MORE URINE! 200 This molecule is necessary for tubular secretion to occur • ATP • Board
MAKING MORE URINE! 400 Blood pH adjustments occur • DCT • Board
MAKING MORE URINE! 600 If blood has a low pH what will happen to H+ and HCO3- re-absorption into the blood? • HCO3- absorption will go up and H+ will go down • Board
MAKING MORE URINE! 800 The ascending LOH moves Na+ out of the filtrate by _______ and _______ • Diffusion, active transport • Board
MAKING MORE URINE! 1000 Its necessary to use active transport to pump Na+ out of the filtrate in the ascending LOH for this reason. • The Na+ concentration in the filtrate is greater (compared to the Na+ concentration in the blood) at the bottom of the LOH, but lessens as it ascends the LOH. So Na+ requires pumps to move out of the filtrate as the gradient itself no longer enough • Board
YES! MORE WATER! 100 Water re-absorption occurs the most in this portion of the kidney • Renal medulla • Board
YES! MORE WATER! 200 In these portions of the nephron water is re-absorbed • Collecting duct, descending LOH and PCT • Board
YES! MORE WATER! 400 ADH secretion from the ________, which is triggered by _________, and acts on the _______ • Posterior pituitary, lower blood volume, collecting duct • Board
YES! MORE WATER! 600 Higher levels of ADH do this to the volume of urine • Decrease it • Board
YES! MORE WATER! 800 Alcohol does this to ADH secretion and as a result does this to urine volume • Inhibits, increases • Board
YES! MORE WATER! 1000 If blood pressure drops due to low Na+ levels this happens • Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex causes an increase in Na+ re-absorption (and K + excretion) in the DCT causes more water re-absorption in the collecting duct less urine and increased blood pressure aldosterone release stops • Board
I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 100 Sodium retention occurs here in the nephron • Ascending LOH Board
I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 200 Coffee is a diuretic because is does this • Increases blood volume by causing water retention which increases pressure filtration more urine • Board
I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 400 Finding glucose in the urine indicates this • Possible diabetes; greater urine flows as less water is re-absorbed • Board
I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 600 This molecule is maximally filtered and reabsorbed • Glucose • Board
I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 800 Urea is made by the ______ but excreted by the ______ • Liver, kidney • Board
I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 1000 How does the hypothalamus function in urine formation • Low levels of blood volume cause the hypothalamus to secrete ADH causes the posterior pituitary to release ADH into the blood causes collecting duct to increase water re-absorption increases blood volume so hypothalamus stops ADH production (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK) • Board
