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Blood Types

Blood Types. Ch. 19-2. Blood Types. Blood cells have surface markers called antigens ABO Blood Group RBC with A antigens – A blood type RBC with B antigens – B blood type RBC with A and B antigens – AB blood type RBC with no antigens – O blood type. Blood Types.

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Blood Types

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  1. Blood Types Ch. 19-2

  2. Blood Types • Blood cells have surface markers called antigens • ABO Blood Group • RBC with A antigens – A blood type • RBC with B antigens – B blood type • RBC with A and B antigens – AB blood type • RBC with no antigens – O blood type

  3. Blood Types • Blood plasma contains proteins called antibodies • Antibodies will react with antigens if mixed • Type A blood – A antigens, anti-B antibodies • Type B blood – B antigens, anti-A antibodies • Type AB blood – A and B antigens, no antibodies • Type O blood – no antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies

  4. Blood Types

  5. Transfusions • Transfusion – transfer of whole blood or blood components (RBC or plasma) • Agglutination – clumping of RBCs, hemolysis occurs, kidney damage and death can result • This only causes problems between recipient antibodies and donor antigens • Donor antibodies become diluted in blood plasma • Example • (recipient) A person receives blood from (donor) B person • Recipients blood contains anti-B antibodies • Donor’s blood contains B antigens • Antigen/antibody complex forms

  6. Who can donate/receive to/from who?

  7. Rh Blood Group Antigen was discovered in the rhesus monkey Rh+ people have the Rh antigen, Rh- people do not have the Rh antigen People do not naturally have anti-Rh antibodies If Rh- person receives blood from Rh+ person, immune system will make anti-Rh antibodies If they receive Rh+ blood again, the anti-Rh antibodies will cause agglutination

  8. Who can donate/receive to/from who? + should not be given to – + can receive + or – - can give to + or – Universal donor – O- Universal recipient – AB+

  9. Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN) Fetal blood can cross placenta into maternal blood stream If baby is Rh+ and mother is Rh-, mother’s immune system starts making anti-Rh antibodies During the next pregnancy the antibodies can cross into the fetal blood If the second fetus is Rh+, agglutination can occur

  10. HDN

  11. Review of Inheritance • Blood type Punnett squares • Rh Punnett squares – Rh+ is dominant to Rh- • Rh+ could have Rh+/Rh+ • Rh + could have Rh+/Rh- • Rh- must be Rh-/Rh-

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