Presentation Transcript

1. W1 –Writing Prompt Construct a thesis statement and outline The cultural tensions of the early 1920’s were not new issues, but unresolved ones from the past century.
2. Try the home remedies Ding darling cartoon http://ddr.lib.drake.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/ddarling/id/2868/rec/1 You cant make a monkey out of me http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1Ek2BDu47g
3. Warm Up Who were famous American authors of the 1920’s? What were the subjects of their works? Why did prohibition fail?

4. The Roaring 20s

5. The 1920’s: ‘The New Era’ New social mores New forms of business & social organization New consumer oriented culture New gov’t approaches to industrialization & agriculture
6. Opposing forces of the 20s City vs. Rural/small town Wet vs. Dry Fundamentalism vs. Science Anglo vs. foreign Young vs. Old
7. Prohibition 18th Amendment –prohibited the manufacture, sale & transport of ‘intoxicating liquors’ Did not define term or outline penalties Consumption never outlawed Gov’t projected 300 mil. a year in taxes & fines Volstead Act, passed Oct. 1919 Went into effect Jan. 1, 1920 Vetoed by Woodrow Wilson New gov’t agencies formed ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & explosives) Bureau of Prohibition Expanded the powers of the Treasury Dept. –expansion of the Bureau of Revenue (IRS)
8. Red Scare Russian Revolution of 1917 -Socialism seen as a real threat Spring of 1919, series of bombings & threats (Wall Street, federal officials) Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General “Committed to 100% Americanism” institutes ‘Palmer Raids’ 6,000 arrested, few prosecuted, 500 non-citizens deported Sacco & Vanzetti –convicted of MA armored car murder in 1920, executed in 1927 Circumstantial evidence Formation of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Oliver Wendell Holmes & Louis Brandeis lead Supreme Court in protecting 1st Amendment rights
9. Republicans in the White House 1921 -1933 Isolationist; refusal to join League of Nations Little gov’t intervention of business Gov’t as an agent of economic change thru farm subsidies & tax relief Democratic Party fragmented (ethnically, religiously, regionally)
10. Warren G. Harding Return to ‘Normalcy’ ‘Ohio Gang’ ‘A friend to everyone’ Tea Pot Dome Scandal Albert Fall, Sec. of the Interior Bribery for oil licenses on federal land in WY & CA Rivaled Watergate in scope & malfeasance Advocated for racial equality
11. Calvin Coolidge ‘Silent Cal’ Puritanical nature Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover promoted ‘associationalism’ to help businesses Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928 International that war would not be used to settle disputes Treasury Sec. Andrew Mellon Paid off WWI debt Reduced inheritance, income & corporate taxes by half
12. Was the 1920s a ‘New Era’ or a return to “Normalcy”? Food for thought…. Consider the quotations; which side of the argument do you agree with? Why? “A union cannot strike against the public safety” “The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships” “[WWI] has not created differences, but has revealed and emphasized them” People don’t buy things to have things, they buy hope…of what merchandise will do for them”
13. White Supremacy Nativism Ku Klux Klan 1915 Leo Frank killing DW Griffith’s movie Birth of a Nation –KKK are heroes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXlWwYNCO-8&list=PLNgFBoxEAByjimMCyn3T1K7aOXfhGqCHL&index=2 Chicago Race Riots of 1919 NAACP encourages “fighting back’ By 1925 -4 mil. members Rise is lynchings in the South ‘Klaverns’ in Chicago, Detroit, Oregon, Colorado Supported by middle class Progressives 1921 Emergency Immigration Act 1924 Johnson-Reed Act (National Origins Act)
14. Fundamentalism Protestant Christian sects Return to the ‘fundamentals of Christianity’ Trinity Literal translation of the Bible Anti-Darwin Billy Sunday
15. AP PARTS
16. Scopes Trial 1924 Dayton, TN John Scopes in violation of TN’s Butler Act teacher evolution in his Biology class Clarence Darrow of ACLU reps. Scopes William Jennings Bryan ‘assists’ TN prosecution Trial broadcasted nationally by radio Scopes loses, but Darrow gets Bryan to admit under oath that the Bible is not literal truth
17. Technology & Economic Growth 60% increase in manufacturing output Debilitation of European industry in WWI Automobile & tangential business Combustion engines, gasoline, suburban housing Advent of radio Transportation: Commercial aircraft & diesel/electric trains Synthetic materials: nylon, bakelite, asbestos Early genetic research –plant hybridization Consolidation of US Steel & General Motors Short recession in 1923-24 due to fall in farm prices -35 mil more acres farmed due to technology b/w 1917 & 1923 Farmers get McNary-Haugen Bill =farm subsidies to promote parity w/ world market prices
18. Big Businesses, Part Deux Union membership will fall –AFL will shut out minorities, immigrants, women (unskilled labor) side with business Modern administrative systems for large corporations and their subsidiaries ‘Welfare Capitalism’ Ford Motor Co. pensions, shorter work days, paid vacations
19. Demographic Changes B/w 1920 – 1929 middle class will increase in size 1/3 of all Americans live at subsistence or in poverty 50% of working class see no increase to their wages Minorities & women loses place in workforce after WWI ends ‘Pink collar jobs’ –women work in secretarial & retail Few female professionals outside of teaching, nursing, social work Great Migration African-Americansrelegated to garbage collection, domestic servants, cooks
20. Modern Life Changing roles in society ‘Respectability’ was the Victorian value; replaced by emotional/physical ‘fulfillment’ Changes in Spirituality Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick argues against Fundamentalism –be ‘spiritual for modern life’; God & science co-exist Many Americans use Sunday for entertainment & commerce, no longer Sabbath day Companionate marriages Marriage the culmination of romantic love Support husband’s social life Birth control for middle class families Domesticity not tied only to motherhood Psychologist John B. Watson Motherhood not instinctive, taught behavior that should rely on ‘expert’ input Rise of Youth Culture Adolescence is no longer a short period of physical change into adulthood Now extended period of training & preparation for adulthood
21. New Culture Growing mass consumption Appliances Cigarettes (men and women) Cosmetics & grooming; Fashions Cars for middle & working classes Impact: growing suburbs, family vacations, independent youth culture Advertising directed to specific demographic groups Mass circulation magazines Entertainment Radio Movies, by 1927 ‘talkies’
22. Artistic Movements ‘Lost Generation’ HL Menken F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis Earnest Hemingway ‘Harlem Renaissance’ Langston Hughes Zora Neal Houston Jazz Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Broadway Musical Theater Irving Berlin George & Ira Gershwin Rodgers & Hart
23. DBQ Relay PROMPT: Historians have argued that the1920’s were an age of extreme contradiction. Many Americans were looking boldly ahead, but just as many were gazing backward, to cherished memories of a fabled national innocence. Using the documents and your knowledge of the time period which of these forces had the greatest success?
24. Welcome! Please help yourself to a cup of ‘hooch’ and a jazz age snack
25. AP PARTS
26. Essential Question Was the 1920’s an era of cultural tensions or a period of innovation?