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Understanding Wireless Networking: Types, Technologies, and Protocols

This comprehensive overview of wireless networking details its fundamental concepts, types, and technologies. It explains various wireless networks including IrDA, Bluetooth, HomeRF, and Wi-Fi, highlighting their specifications, advantages, and limitations. The document aims to enhance understanding of wireless communication methods such as TCP and UDP, their roles in network performance, and features of specific wireless equipment. The guide serves as a valuable resource for anyone looking to learn about wireless networks and how they integrate into both personal and professional environments.

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Understanding Wireless Networking: Types, Technologies, and Protocols

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  1. Wireless Networking By: Todd Deshane And Ashwin Venkatraman

  2. Introduction • What is a wireless network? • A technology that enables two or more entities to communicate without network cabling

  3. Different Wireless Networks • IrDA (Infrared Data Association) • Uses beams in the infrared light spectrum • Bluetooth • Uses 2.45 gigahertz radio waves, but emits weak signals • Limits distance to 10 feet, but travels through walls • HomeRF (SWAP) – developed by businesses • 6 voice channels and 1 data channel • Slow, and limited range, but cheap

  4. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) • Essentially, this technology is a variation of the IEEE 802.11 specification known as 802.11b • Focuses on Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) • High data rate (max of 11 Mbps) • In the case of interference, speed drops in halves (11 Mbps to 5.5 Mbps to 2 Mbps to 1 Mbps)

  5. Wi-Fi • Advantages: • Fast (11 Mbps) • Reliable • Long Range (up to 1000 ft outdoors, 400 ft indoors) • Easy integration to wired networks • Compatible with original 802.11 DSSS standard • Disadvantages: • Speed may fluctuate

  6. 802.11a vs. 802.11b • Frequency • 802.11b transfers at 2.4 gigahertz • 802.11a transfers at 5 gigahertz • Coverage Distance • 802.11b goes about 400 feet indoors • 802.11a goes about 60 feet indoors • Need more access points to cover a location • Compatible to each other? • Not yet.

  7. ITL Wireless Equipment • 2 Wireless Access Point Routers (with built in 4 port switch) • Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) available • 8 Wireless PCMCIA Cards • 4 ORiNOCO Gold 11 Mbps PC Cards • 4 3Com 11 Mbps PC Cards

  8. Wireless Access Point • LINKSYS • Model No. BEFW11S4 ver. 2 • Supports • IEEE 802.3 (10BaseT) • IEEE 802.3u (100BaseTX) • IEEE 802.11b (Wireless) • Built-in router capability • Obtains a Clarkson IP and uses DHCP • Built-in 4 port switch • Fully-configurable through simple web interface

  9. Wireless Cards • 11Mbs • 802.11b compatible • 4 3Com Cards • Model No. 3CRWE62092A • 4 ORiNOCO (Lucent) Cards • Model No. 012352/G

  10. Performance • Inside Range • anywhere except in bathrooms • Usually 11 Mbps connection • Outside Range • To the SC lecture wing door (closest to ERC) • Covers faculty lot next to ERC • Half way to Rowley • Connection slows as move away from access point

  11. Summer Research • Protocol • Method of Communication • Spoken Language • Networked Programs (AIM) • HTTP, Telnet, FTP

  12. Two Main Protocols (Internet) • UDP (User Datagram Protocol) • Fast, bare-bones, not reliable or friendly • Can lose data at any time • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) • Slower, many features, very reliable • All data will get to the other side

  13. PCAttcp • Measuring tool for TCP and UDP • Speed, Throughput, Time • Amount of Data Sent vs. Amount Received

  14. Our PCAttcp Controller • Enhanced UDP transfers • Automated the entire process • Created an easy way to compile results and graphs using a spreadsheet for output • Ran tests on various types of connections

  15. The End! • Thoughts or questions?

  16. References • http://www.howstuffworks.com/wireless-network.htm • http://www.80211-planet.com/columns/article/0,4000,1781_961181,00.html • http://www.80211-planet.com/columns/article/0,4000,1781_947661,00.html • http://www.pcausa.com

  17. Same LAN (inside Clarkson) Same Switch (same lab) LAN to LAN (Clarkson to SUNY Potsdam) LAN to Internet (Clarkson to a Roadrunner service) Note: LAN stands for “Local Area Network” Different PCATTCP Trials Same Host (same computer)

  18. Bluetooth (cont) • spread-spectrum frequency hopping – a device will use 79 individual, randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range, changing from one to another on a regular basis • When two Bluetooth devices come in contact with each other, they automatically conversate and form a personal-area network (PAN)

  19. Spread spectrum • Spread-spectrum – data is sent in small pieces over a number of discrete frequencies available for use at any time in the specified range

  20. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum • send a short burst of data, shift frequencies (hop) and then send another short burst • Since the FHSS devices that are communicating agree on which frequencies to hop to, and use each frequency for a brief period of time (less than 400 milliseconds) before moving on, several independent FHSS networks can exist in the same physical area without interfering with each other

  21. Direct-sequence spread spectrum • splitting each byte of data into several parts and sending them concurrently on different frequencies • DSSS uses a lot of the available bandwidth, about 22 megahertz (MHz).

  22. The Basics • 4 different types of wireless networks • IrDA (Infrared Data Association) • Bluetooth • HomeRF (SWAP) • “Shared Wireless Access Protocol” • WECA (Wi-Fi) • “Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance”

  23. IrDA (Infrared Data Association) • Uses beams of light in the infrared spectrum • Remote controls • Fairly reliable and low-cost • Drawback: It is a “line-of-sight” technology • less interference • Drawback: “one-to-one” technology • You can send data only between two things at once (but increased security?)

  24. Bluetooth • The magic number: 2.45 gigahertz • Radio-frequency also used by baby monitors, garage door openers, and cordless phones • How do you avoid interference? • Bluetooth sends weak signals of 1 milliwatt • Powerful cell phones use 3 watts • Bluetooth devices limited to 10 meters • But they can go through walls better than others

  25. HomeRF (SWAP) • Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) • Developed by an alliance of businesses • 6 voice channels and one data channel • The data channel is the 802.11 wireless-Ethernet specification by the IEEE • One drawback: SWAP can only be used with computers • Printers and such need to be attached to a computer and used as a resource

  26. HomeRF (SWAP) • Advantages: • Cheap, easy-to-install • Allows multiple-networks in the same location • Can encrypt data • Drawbacks: • Not very fast (typically limited to 1 Mbps) • Limited Range (75 to 125 ft) • Physical obstructions (walls, large metal objects) cause huge interference issues • Difficult to integrate into existing wired networks

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