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Proactive environmental planning for emerging shipping routes in Arctic waters

Proactive environmental planning for emerging shipping routes in Arctic waters. Julian Roberts Programme Officer Global Marine Programme. Current Context.

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Proactive environmental planning for emerging shipping routes in Arctic waters

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  1. Proactive environmental planning for emerging shipping routes in Arctic waters Julian Roberts Programme Officer Global Marine Programme

  2. Current Context The current retreat of Arctic sea ice presents a succession of plausible futures for the Northern Sea Route, Northwest Passage, and Central Arctic Ocean ……… greater access and longer navigation seasons may also be experienced in Hudson Bay and ….. off Alaska’s northwest coast Arctic Maritime Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004

  3. Arctic Maritime Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004

  4. Define Sensitive Sites Assess Threats To Sites Select Protective Measures Proactive Planning • Strategic Environmental Assessment • Marine Spatial Planning Implement and Monitor

  5. Define Sensitive Sites

  6. Determine the Threat • Operational discharges • Accidental discharges • Physical damage & disturbance • Waste disposal • Others?

  7. Vulnerability to Shipping • Sensitivity to threat • Vessel traffic characteristics • Natural factors • Potential for harm

  8. Protective Measures • Coastal States given specific competence to regulate environmental impacts of shipping • Duty to respect freedoms of navigation • Extent of jurisdiction determined by maritime zone

  9. Arctic Maritime Transport Workshop 28-30 September 2004

  10. Role of IMO • “Competent international organization” • Specific competences attributed to IMO by a range of instruments • Do not regulate jurisdictional power of coastal States - exclusively LOSC • Establish degree to which States may legitimately interfere with foreign ships

  11. Some Options Currently Available • Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) • Special Areas • Ships’ routeing measures • Ship reporting systems • Ballast water controls • Antifouling controls

  12. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas An area which needs special protection through action by IMO because of its significance for recognized ecological or socio-economic or scientific reasons and which may be vulnerable to damage by maritime activities IMO Resolution A.982(24)

  13. Existing PSSAs

  14. PSSA Requirements • Satisfies at least one of the criteria • Ecological • Social, Cultural and Economic • Scientific and Educational • Satisfies vulnerability requirements • At least one protective measure within competence of IMO

  15. Associated Protective Measures • Discharge Restrictions – Special Areas • Ships’ routeing measures under SOLAS • Ships’ reporting system • Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) • Pilotage

  16. Special Areas A sea area where for recognized technical reasons in relation to its oceanographical and ecological conditions and to the particular character of its traffic the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is required Annex I - MARPOL 73/78

  17. Existing Special Areas

  18. Protective Measures • Discharge requirements in special areas are considerably stricter than discharge requirements in other sea areas • Apply to: • oil • noxious liquid substances • garbage

  19. Routeing Measures • Vessel routeing used in the protection of the environment for many years • SOLAS recognises IMO as competent body • COLREGS provide specifically for the adoption of TSSs

  20. Measures Available • Area to be Avoided • Traffic Separation Scheme • Inshore Traffic Zone • Precautionary Area • Deep-water Route • No Anchoring Areas • MANDATORY or RECOMMENDED?

  21. Ship Reporting Systems • Serves as mechanism for notifying coastal States of the presence of ships that may present a threat • Coastal States may respond more effectively in the event that such a vessel becomes distressed • Do not permit routeing of vessels in the same manner as ships’ routeing system

  22. Other Options? • Pilotage • AIS / LRIT • Oil spill preparedness and response arrangements • Vessel / cargo restrictions • SAR / salvage capability • Strengthen existing and adopt new international standards • CDEM • Codes of Practice (Polar Shipping Code) • Under-keel clearance restrictions

  23. Conclusions • Prospect of emerging shipping routes in Arctic water • Requires effective and early planning for environmental protection • Range of tools available to coastal States and IMO • Multidisciplinary approach to determine most effective measures targeting specific threats

  24. QUESTIONS??

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