1 / 16

Chemistry

Chemistry. Elements. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means Examples of elements: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold, Neon. Everything is made of elements There are 118 elements All elements are arranged in the Periodic Table. The Periodic Table.

yori
Télécharger la présentation

Chemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chemistry

  2. Elements • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means • Examples of elements: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold, Neon

  3. Everything is made of elements • There are 118 elements • All elements are arranged in the Periodic Table

  4. The Periodic Table • The periodic table was created by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1868 • There were only 63 known elements at this time • Mendeleev is known as the father of the Periodic Table

  5. Elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number. • Order general coincides with increasing atomic mass • The different rows of elements are called periods

  6. The rows going across are called periods • The columns going up and down are called groups • There are 10 groups on the periodic table • The groups are: Alkai metals, Alkaline earth metals, transition metals, basic metals, semi-metal, lanthanides, actinides, non-metals, halogens, and noble gases

  7. Alkali Metals • Located in Group IA • Include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium • Highly reactive • Lower densities

  8. Alkaline Earth Metals • Located in group II • Include Magnesium, Beryllium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium

  9. Transition Metals • Located in groups IB to VIIIB • Very hard • High melting points • High boiling points • Malleable • Conducts electricity

  10. Basic Metals • Most of the elements on the periodic table are metals • Shiny solids • Solid at room temperature • Conducts electricity and temperature

  11. Metalloids or Semimetals • Includes: boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium • The boiling and melting points vary widely • Good semiconductors

  12. Non-Metals • Located on the upper right side of the periodic table • Poor thermal conductors • Poor electrical conductors • Solid non-metals are generally brittle • They lack metallic luster

  13. Halogens • Group VIIA of the periodic table • Halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and unuseptium. • Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

  14. Noble Gases • Group VIII of periodic table • Sometimes called Group O • Non-reactive • Low boiling point • All gases at room temperature

  15. Lanthanides • Rare earth metals • Form during the fission of uranium and plutonium • Silvery-white metals • Relatively soft • Very reactive

  16. Actinides • All are radioactive • Metals tarnish readily in air • Very dense metals • React with boiling water • Combine with most nonmetals

More Related