ERNEST RUTHERFORD AND THE ATOMIC MODEL

1. ERNEST RUTHERFORD AND THE ATOMIC MODEL dilettante.wordpress.com/2007/08/ https:/.../Fall.2008.MMA.Perry.Timeline By: Samantha Newnham and Allie Didion

2. EARLY LIFE • He was born in 1871 in the South Islands of New Zealand. • His parents immigrated from the U.K. • He was the 4th kid of 12 brothers and sisters. • He graduated from Secondary school with honors is every subject and class. • www.bandlink.org/pr/honors.htm www.kiwiwise.co.nz/info/new-zealand-flag www.genderracepower.com/?cat=37 • www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/people/modern...

3. COLLEGE • He got a scholarship to Canterbury College in Christchurch. • He got his BA in 1892 in math and physical science. • He got his MA the following year. http://christchurchcityliberaries.comhttp://telegraph.co.uk

4. THE LAB • For 2 years he studied magnesium and radio waves. • He wrote two papers that were published in the Transaction of New Zealand Institute. • He went to work with J.J. Thomson at Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge. • http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/magnesium.gifhttp://wired.com

5. ALPHA AND BETA PARTICLES • While working with J.J Thomson, J.J. invited Rutherford to work with him on the introduction to ionizing gases in Röntgen’s rays. • After Rutherford was finished, he took the idea of ionizing and reversed it to use as a tool to help him study radioactivity. • Using the reversed ionizing process, he discovered the heterogeneous “Becquerel rays” and renamed them Alpha and Beta rays. • Gamma rays had already been discovered once Rutherford discovered the alpha and beta particles. • www.irradiation.co.uk/types.phpwww.deq.idaho.gov/.../radiation/penetration.cfm

6. THE Gold-Foil EXPERIMENT • Ernest Marsden was the one who set up the experiment. • Used Geiger's counting device. • Alpha shooter was placed on top of a lead plate. • The counter was placed in front of the lead plate so that the alpha particles won’t be in direct contact. • With nothing placed above the alpha shooter, the counter did not record any hits. • However, once a thin sheet of gold foil was placed above the alpha shooter, the counter started to record some hits. • Gold-Foil Experiment Activity • www.nisd.net/.../Atomic%20Theory/AtomicWeb.htmwww.nitrogenorder.org/lessons/nuclear.shtml

7. THE DISCOVERY • After about two to three days of shooting alpha particles at gold foil, the counter had recorded some particles that had been reflected back. • Rutherford had to then write a paper explaining the results of the experiment. • That paper was published in May of 1911. • It explained the experiment and the results. • During the Gold-Foil Experiment they had made four major discoveries : • Most all of the alpha particles went through. • They were only deflected at about a two degree angle. • Very, very rarely the alpha particles were deflected at about a 90 or greater degree. • They had discovered the atomic nucleus! • lifesciencereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/www.nuceng.ca/igna/atomic_nucleus.htm

8. THE ATOMIC MODEL • Rutherford’s atomic changed the way everyone thought the way the atom looked. • Before, the model was a solid positive charge with little negatives embedded in the positive nucleus. • Now, thanks to Rutherford, the atomic model has changed a lot. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil_experiment_results.svgncereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/

9. THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS • Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus changed the way scientists saw the atom. • Dalton’s model was solid and once Rutherford had done the Gold-Foil Experiment, he discovered that the atom was not solid at all, but mainly open space. • The nucleus makes up most of the mass of the atom. • www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/01/1.html

10. NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1908 • In 1908, Ernest Rutherford won the 1908 Chemistry Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Atomic Nucleus and radioactive substances. • He is the winner ever to do his best work after being awarded the Nobel Prize. • Rutherford Lecture • http://www.rutherford.org.nz/awards.html

11. Why we remember him • We remember him because of what him contributed to the world of science. • He discovered the atomic nucleus. • He changed the atomic model from being solid to being mostly empty space. • The scientists after him have not changed him model but improved it. • www.answers.com/topic/ernest-rutherford-1st-b...anlagan.blogspot.com/

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Rutherford’s Experiment- Part 1: 1906 to Early 1911. John L. Park. 1999. 20 January, 2009. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us • The Internet Encyclopedia of Science. 20 January, 2009. http://daviddarling.info • Ernest Rutherford’s Life. 29 January, 2009. http://www.physic.mcgill.ca/museum/ernest_rutherford_life.html • Rutherford’s Awards. John Cambell. 2001. Rutherford Scientist Supreme. 29 January, 2009. http://www.rutherford.org.nz/awards.html • www.mhhe.com/physsic/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/rutherford14.swf • http://wired.com • http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/magnesium.gif • http://christchurchcityliberaries.com • http://telegraph.co.uk • http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prize/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-docu.html • www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/RutherfordPhoto.shtml • commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plum_pudding_... • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil_experiment_results.svg • lifesciencereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/ • www.nuceng.ca/igna/atomic_nucleus.htm • www.nisd.net/.../Atomic%20Theory/AtomicWeb.htm • www.nitrogenorder.org/lessons/nuclear.shtml • www.irradiation.co.uk/types.php • www.deq.idaho.gov/.../radiation/penetration.cfm • http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-docu.html • www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/01/1.html • anlagan.blogspot.com/ • www.answers.com/topic/ernest-rutherford-1st-b...

13. CREDITS Directors and Presenters: Allie Didion Samantha Newnham Creators: Samantha Newnham Actors: Ernest Rutherford Special Effects: Samantha Newnham commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plum_pudding_... www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/RutherfordPhoto.shtml