Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) What you need to know to stay healthy STD 101 for Teens

1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)What you need to know to stay healthySTD 101 for Teens STD Community Interventions Program (SCIP) STD Control Branch California Department of Public Health

2. Every 87 seconds a teenager in California is infected with an STD. How many teens are infected per hour, day, month? ...41 teens every hour, • ...984 teens every day, ...29,520 teens every month

3. 3 of every 5Gonorrhea and Chlamydia cases in California are among 15 – 24 year olds.

4. 2010 Yolo County Statistics Cases Reported for 15-19 year olds Cases Reported for 20-24 year olds Chlamydia 192 Cases Gonorrhea 12 Cases • Chlamydia 117 Cases • Gonorrhea 5 Cases Birth Rate for females Ages 15-19 2006 225 Births 2007 215 Births • 218 Births Date includes only live births

5. What does HIV stand for? • H _____________________ • I _____________________ • V _____________________

6. What does HIV stand for? • Human (not dogs or mosquitoes) • Immune Deficiency (no ability to fight infection) • Virus (a pathogen that takes over white blood cells)* • *viruses cannot be killed • with antibiotics

7. After several years, an untreated HIV infection progresses to AIDS. What does AIDS stand for? • A _____________________ • I _____________________ • D _____________________ • S _____________________

8. After several years, an untreated HIV infection progresses to AIDS. What does AIDS stand for? • Acquired (you get it from others) • ImmuneDeficiency (no ability to fight infection) • Syndrome (a variety of resulting illnesses and conditions)* • *including cancer, • pneumonia, and • brain infections

9. HIV/AIDS is just one of over twenty different STDs. What does STD stand for? • S _____________________ • T _____________________ • D _____________________

10. HIV/AIDS is just one of over twenty different STDs. What does STD stand for? • Sexually (related to sexual contact)* • Transmitted (passed, spread) • Disease (being sick, infected) * Includes contact between penis, anus, vagina and/or mouth

11. What STDs have you heard about?

12. Treatable…but repeatable Syphilis Chlamydia Gonorrhea Trichomonas Crabs (pubic lice) Not curable...some life-long Herpes HPV (Human Papilloma viruses) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Hepatitis B The Major STDs

13. Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: People often don’t have enough information about the health of their sex partners – and don’t protect themselves.

14. The large number of 15-24 year olds infected with STDs increases the odds of meeting someone who already hasan STD. Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: Can you tell who has an STD?

15. Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: Female Reproductive Organs: The cervix in teen females has a weaker cell type that is easier to infect for some STDs Uterus Fallopian tube Ovary Cervix Vagina

16. Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: Unlike women over 25 years old, a teen’s cervix has “weaker” cells that are less protective against STDs. “weaker” cells “stronger” cells Healthy Cervix: Young Woman Healthy Cervix: Woman Over 25’s

17. Why Teens Have High Rates of STDs: Some teens are in relationships with older partners who often control their decisions. Many people have trouble getting their partners to use condoms to prevent STDs or unwanted pregnancy.

18. What are the odds that a sexually active teen will get an STD this year? • 1 out of 4 • 1 out of 2 • 1 out of 5

19. What are the odds that a sexually active teen will get an STD this year? 1 of every 4sexually active teens in California will get anSTDthis year... ...which is about362,500 teens getting an STD this year!

20. 362,500 STD-infected CA teens will fill a football stadium over 4 times!!

21. Myth Busters: True or False? • STDs usually happen to people who aren’t “clean”. FALSE • One out of every four sexually active teens will get an STD this year TRUE

22. How serious are STDs?

23. Medical Complications of Untreated STDs • STDs can result in: • Cancer • AIDS (from sexually transmitted HIV) • Death

24. Medical Complications of Untreated STDs If a young girl or woman gets an STD, and is untreated or undertreated she could end up with: - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) -Cervical cancer -Infertility (inability to have babies)

25. Medical Complications of Untreated STDs If apregnant womanhas an STD, her baby could end up with: • Infections • Birth defects • Stillbirth (born dead) .

26. Fear and distress in telling sex partners that you have an STD – and they should get tested. Dealing with the long-term effects of an incurable STD such as Herpes or HIV. More Problems Linked to STDs

27. STDs increase the chances for giving and getting HIV by3 – 5 Times!! Open sores are open doors!

28. Healthy Immune System HIV Infected Immune System

29. Myth Busters: True or False? • Herpes and HIV are incurable life-long infections. TRUE • Several STDs increase the chances for HIV transmission and HIV infection. TRUE • Infections, birth defects, and stillbirth can result from STDs. TRUE

30. How are STDs transmitted?

31. STD’s are Transmitted by Transfer of STD fluids such as: - Vaginal fluids -Pre-ejaculate • Semen • Abnormal discharge (or pus) • Blood through oral, anal, vaginal sex STD organisms can be passed even when there are no signs or symptoms present!

33. STDs can also be passed through direct contact with an STD sore or infected tissue STD Transmission through oral, anal, vaginal sex…and direct genital contact

34. STOP Risk Continuum Activity 5-10 Minutes-worksheet 5-10 Minutes-Review

35. How do you prevent STDs?

36. How you can protect yourself: • Not having sex (oral, anal, vaginal) is the only sure way to avoid STDs.

37. How you can protect yourself: • Talk to your partner about STDs • and agree to protect yourselves if or when you have sex.

38. How you can protect yourself: 3)If you have sex - use condoms correctly each time for oral, anal, vaginal sex. Quick Fact: Male and female condoms reduce – but don’t eliminate - the chances of STD transmission. This is because some STDs might infect areas not covered by a condom.

39. How you can protect yourself: Quick Fact: Birth control pills, the Shot, the Ring, or the Patch do notprotect against STDs.

40. How you can protect yourself: 4)If you are going to have sex, it’s safer to have sex with only one partner, who has sex only with you – and who doesn’t have an STD infection.

41. Universal Precautions

42. But…even if you have unprotected sex with just one person… you can’t really know about his/her sex partners… or their sex partners – or the STDs that could be passed to you. You

43. How you can protect yourself: 5) Avoid sex-under-the-influence (SUI) of alcohol and other drugs. 6) If you have sex, get tested for STDs at a doctor’s office or clinic at least once a year. If you are female – also ask your doctor about a Pap Test.

44. Myth Busters: True or False? • “SEX” occurs only when there is penis-in-vagina contact. FALSE • The birth control pill and patch help lower the chances of getting an STD. FALSE • Correct use of condoms reduces, but does not eliminate, the chance for STD transmission. TRUE

45. How would you know if you have an STD?

46. Most people with STD infections haveNO signs or symptoms!! However, if symptoms are present around your genitals, they may include: • - warts, blisters or sores • - itching, burning or pain • - abnormal bleeding or discharge (pus) You can’t tell by looking if someone is infected or not!!

47. Open sores are… Herpes Blisters …open doors for HIV to enter or exit the body. Seattle STD/HIV Prevention Training Center Source: University of Washington

48. Caution… Most people with herpes don’t know they are infected because their symptoms are mild or absent!!

49. Infectious discharge of gonorrhea from a male Seattle STD/HIV Prevention Training Center Source: University of Washington

50. Caution… About half of all males with Gonorrhea or Chlamydia will NOT have signs or symptoms - such as abnormal discharge or painful urination.