The statement “all academics are socially inept” is an example of this.

The statement “all academics are socially inept” is an example of this. What is a stereotype? Return

Social conventions, explicit laws, and implicit cultural standards are examples this. What are norms? Return

This effect explains why Jacob has a tendency to take credit for his good actions while he attributes his mistakes to “an off day”. What is a self serving bias? Return

You are required to participate in a perception experiment and so you join seven other students seated in a room. You are shown a 10-inch test line and must choose the line that matches it in length from a choice of three lines. The experimenter, Solomon Asch, is interested in studying this. What is conformity? Return

This phenomenon occurs when a person makes less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone. What is social loafing? Return

These are mental structures that allows us to represent an aspect of the world on some framework, and which allow us to respond quickly and effortlessly to a familiar situation. What are schemas? Return

In an experiment where subjects were asked to rate the pro-Castro attitudes of papers they read, they rated both those told to write freely and those assigned the pro-Castro position as both having a positive attitude towards Castro. A tendency to overemphasize a person’s internal states and underemphasize the situational explanation is called this. What is the fundamental attribution error? Return

A safe-driving campaign asks you to place a small card in your window showing your support for seatbelt laws. Later, they ask you to put up a huge, tasteless sign in your front yard. This compliance tactic is being used. What is foot-in-the-door? Return

In this classic experiment by Philip Zimbardo, people quickly began acting out the roles assigned to them. What is the Stanford Prison Experiment? Return

This psychologist’s controversial experiment measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal conscience. Who is Stanley Milgram? Return

These are specific, inborn, automatic responses to certain specific stimuli. What are reflexes? Return

This is the reciprocal relationship between parent and child. What is attachment? Return

This syndrome characterizes physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a mother’s heavy drinking. What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome? Return

This is a type of study where there is one variable that is manipulated (the independent variable) and its effect on another variable (the dependent variable) is observed. What is an experimental study? Return

This is a type of study where changes over time of a single group of subjects are studied. For example, a study in which the same group of children is studied at age three and a year later at age four. What is a longitudinal study? Return

This is a type of study where there are separate groups of subjects at different ages compared. For example, a study in which the performance of a group of three-year-olds on a language comprehension test is compared to the performance of a different group of four-year-olds. What is a cross-sectional study? Return

The term that Freud used to explain when boys resent their father’s relationship with their mother. What is the oedipus complex? Return

This psychologist created the psychosocial stage theory and thought that our personality was profoundly influenced by our experiences with others. Who is Erik Erikson? Return

This psychologist raised baby monkeys with two artificial wire frame figures made to resemble mother monkeys in order to study attachment. Who is Harry Harlow? Return

This is the second of the four stages of Freud’s psychosexual stages theory, which occurs from ages 1-3 and develops during toilet training. What is the latency stage? Return

Also known as Pavlovian conditioning. This type of conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a not-so-neutral stimulus, which creates a relationship between the two. What is classical conditioning? Return

Pioneered by B.F. Skinner, this type of conditioning aims to influence a response through various reinforcement strategies. (Idea that what we do reaps rewards and vice versa.) What is operant conditioning? Return

This theory posits that individuals learn through their culture. In other words, people learn what acceptable and unacceptable behaviors are through interacting in society. What is social learning theory? Return

This is any event that an organism reacts to. What is a stimulus? Return

This is the response that a conditioned stimulus elicits after conditioning. What is a conditioned response? Return

This is not punishment. It is reinforcement through the removal of a negative event. What is a negative reinforcement? Return

This is the reversal of conditioning. The goal is to encourage an organism to stop doing a certain behavior. What is extinction? Return

This describes decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus as a result of increasing familiarity with the stimulus. What is habituation? Return

He founded the school of behaviorism. His idea is that all behavior could be explained by stimulus-response chains and that conditioning was the key factor in developing these chains. Who is John B. Watson? Return

He proposed that performance= drive x habit, which means individuals are first motivated by drive, and then they act according to old successful habits. Who is Clark Hull? Return

This is an in-depth investigation of a subject. What is a case study? Return

This method makes groups more similar by giving equal chance for treatment or control. What is random assignment? Return

This is the tendency to give socially approved answers. What is social desirability bias? Return

This is when an experimenter does not intervene when studying a subject in its own environment. What is a naturalistic observation? Return

To analyze data and draw conclusions. What is the 4th step in the scientific method? Return

This is a correlation that covaries in the same direction. What is a positive correlation? Return

This is an extraneous variable which an experimenter can not be sure of its effects. What is a confounding variable? Return

This is the repetition of a study to see if earlier results are duplicated and allows for reconciling of contradictory findings. What is replication? Return

This is a group that grants ethical approval of studies. What is the IRB? Return

This research allows an investigator to see if there is a line or association between variables. What is correlational research? Return

This is the driving force behind behavior that leads us to pursue some things and avoid others. What is motivation? Return

These are patterns of emotional expression considered appropriate within a culture or subculture. What are display rules? Return

This is the basic categorization of positive and negative emotions. What are positive and negative affect? Return

According to behaviorists, these are the primary drives for motivation. What are hunger, thirst, and sex? Return

This is the brain structure that is central to emotional reactions. What is the amygdala (or structures in the limbic system)? Return

This theory suggests that people have three innate needs-competence, autonomy, and relatedness to others-and it says that motivation arises when these needs are fulfilled. What is self-determination theory? Return

This theory states that emotion-inducing stimuli elicit both an emotional experience and bodily responses. What is the Cannon-Bard Theory? Return

This theory states that conscious goals regulate much of human behavior. What is the goal-setting theory? Return

This perspective suggests that humans are motivated to produce behaviors based on rewards by the environment and they will avoid behaviors that are punished. What is the behaviorist perspective? Return

The statement “all academics are socially inept” is an example of this.