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Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications

Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications. Applying social tagging as a personal and group knowledge management tool for process maps (and other examples). Ruhr University of Bochum Information and Technology Management Michael Prilla, michael.prilla@rub.de.

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Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications

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  1. Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Applying social tagging as a personal and group knowledge management tool for process maps (and other examples) Ruhr University of Bochum Information and Technology Management Michael Prilla, michael.prilla@rub.de

  2. Information and Technology Management @ RUB • Research areas • Socio-technical systems • Work procedures (modeling) • KM / PIM2GIM • Collaborative Learning • Fields of application • Innovation • Service implementation • Web 2 & CSCW „Building a bridge between technology development and technology usage“ Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  3. This talk in one Slide:Fostering collaboration with web 2 • Meaningful integration of web 2 mechanisms and principles can foster collaboration • Examples • KM for Process Maps (MindMaps, UML, …) • Collaborative Content Structuring • Collaborative Writing • Work in progress • Discussion: Combine web 2 and CSCW to • Foster collaboration • Support people in work with heterogeneous content Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  4. Web 2 and CSCW • Characteristics of web 2 applications • Voluntary and intensive contribution • Bottom-up collaboration • Spontaneous networks of communications • Every participant has a voice • Shared applications with ubiqutous access • Impact on CSCW • Personal incentives for group benefit • Collaboration on content • Sensemaking: Human perception • User control and satisfaction Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  5. Example 1: KM for Process Maps (PhD work) • People prefer different information encodings • Textual representation • Models, Maps, … • Maps are important in business, collaborations and creative work BUT neglected in KM • Evidence from case studies • Currently: Service implementation and adaption • Recent studies (logistics, service management, …) • Goal: Lifecycle Support for Process Maps in KM • Modelling and knowledge acquisition Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  6. Goal: Support for Process Model Lifecycle Support enrichment: How to enable people to express their perspectives and add information? Support modelling: How to supply modellers with valuable information and help them during modelling? Integration into Modelling KM with Process Model Support Support exchange: How to enable content creators to easily yet meaningfully share complex content and related information? Support usage: How to support usage and understanding of heterogeneous content for knowledge acquisition? Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  7. Analysis: Requirements • Integration into work procedures / knowledge work • Keep usage burden low: Seamlessly integrate • Provide meaningful KM support: Fit to model related tasks • Integrate all relevant actors: Bottom-up approach • Combine personal and group information management • Equal handling of content in KM • Provide information regardless of content type • Relate similar information • Provide perceivable descriptions • Dimishing the complexity gap of heterogeneous content needs semantic approach Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  8. Semantic Spectrum Choice of semantic support depends on • Task to be supported and overall goal • Organizational culture (hierarchies, …) • Present vocabulary • People working with it Ontologies Categories Tag Clusters Free Tagging Precise Deductive Machinereadable Levelling Complex Fixed Flexible Perceptable Ambigious Individual Easy Flat Taxonomies Thesauri Tag Proposals Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  9. Semantics: Publishing vs. Collaboration Social Tagging: Collaboration, Bottom-Up Categories, Ontologies: Publishing, Top-Down mutual enrichment Content Content • Control by a few • Anticipation of categorization • Unidirectional information exchange • Slowly changing Useful in slowlychanging, preciseinformationstructuresandvocabularies • Controlby all Users („Prosumers“) • Emergenceofcategorization • Bidirectionalinformationexchange • Flexibility Useful in quicklyadapting, multi-perspective and fuzzyinformationstructures Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  10. Tagging as a Tool for KM • Approach: Tag process maps for integration into KM • Bottom-up semantic content description • Personal incentives  group benefit • Self-organization • Human perception • Low usage burden • Integration into existing applications • Appropriate for various content types • Reverse googling (Furnas) • Suitable for bottom-up classification and integration of different perspectives Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  11. Background User 2 User 3 Terminology Terminology User 1 Domain Terminology Terminology User 4 Terminology User 5 Brand (1994) / Morville (2005) Shaw&Gaines (1989) e.g. Anderson (2006) Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  12. Why should people tag content? • Rule of Thumb for Tagging: The more you tag, the more you will receive • Contextualization to own information space • Perceiving and browsing other content • Goal: Immediate feedback • Approach for modeling • Tagging process elements and maps makes similar information accessible while modeling • Approach for KM system • Tagging content improves connections between own content units and between people See last slide for resources describing user incentives in web 2. Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  13. Describing Models by Tagging Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  14. Using Tags in Models Existing Tags slidespresentpresentingfinishtalkpowerpointinstructionnervousquestionspresentation Similar content Document Link Model Document Image Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  15. Framework: KM support for Model Lifecycle • Share models from modelling application • Basis: Tags • XML exchange • Include linkedcontent • and tags Tag Based Exchange via Web Service • Explore content, receive • while modelling • Semantically linked • Tag based queries • Stream content Generic framework: Integrate multiple applications and information sources Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  16. Intended Benefits • Help people in modeling, acquiring knowledge and understanding complex content • Bring people together, e.g. sketchers and writers or designers and programmers • Contextualize content (value, usability) • Show perspectives on content (boundary objects) • Support creative work and interaction • Disruptive elements • Diversity • Problem spaces Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  17. Project status • Past and current work • Intensive literature study • Case study analysis • Prototypes and framework • Interviews with domain experts • Remaining work • Fine tuning (approach and framework) • Evaluation (experiments) • Bonus • Development of web-based modeling editor See also: Prilla, Herrmann (2007): Applying Social Tagging as a Knowledge Management Tool for Process Models. IKNOW 07. Fosteringcollaborationbycombining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  18. Example 2: Using Tagging to enrich structure • Primary structure of content causes irritations in finding information in knowledge work • Even worse for complex content • Integration of Tagging into Kolumbus 2 content structure • Semantic content classification • Bottom-up contextualization • Tags as cross cutting concerns of structure • Goal: Provide • Flexible structure and findability • Group and individual classification Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  19. Levels of Structure in Knowledge Work Organisation Categories enrich, inform contextualize Group Tag Clusters/Clouds feed back, converge shape, propose Individual Tags Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  20. Tagging in Kolumbus 2 Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  21. Combining Tagging Mechanisms • Prototype: SeeMe Model Editor and Kolumbus 2 • Integration of tagging support for applications Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  22. Example 3: Collaborative writing • Poor support in collaborative text production • External editors • No intertwining of text and material • Web-based editors miss • Awareness features • Support for co-ownership • Approach: Merge applications • Integration of web-based editor into Kolumbus 2 content structure • Target audience: Spatially distributed, fresh collaborators (Students, …) Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  23. Example 3: Kolumbus 2 Co-Writer Tightintegrationofviewsandfunctionality See also: Prilla, Ritterskamp (2007): Kolumbus 2 Co-Writer: The Next Step in Collaborative Writing. Demo@ESCSW 07. Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  24. Summary • Web 2 functionality in CSCW for • Bottom-Up perspective sharing and low usage burden • Device independent collaborative writing • Levels of information structure (PIM to GIM) • Benefits for CSCW • Increased participation and user acceptance • Individual and group support • Design considerations • Integrate meaningfully, do not copy • Play with web 2 functionality • Take best of two worlds Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

  25. Literature See my literature on bibsonomy.org • Tagging general http://www.bibsonomy.org/concept/user/michael/tagging • Motivation for participation in web 2 apps http://www.bibsonomy.org/user/michael/web2motivation • My papers related to this talk http://www.bibsonomy.org/user/michael/ownstuff Fostering collaboration by combining web 2 and CSCW applications Michael Prilla

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