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Definition : Administration

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    1. ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????? 4 ?????????? ? ?????? 1. ?????????????????????????????? 2. ???????????????????????????????????? 3. ??????????????????????? 4. ?????????????????????

    2. Definition : Administration & Management -------------- 1. Administration is determine Policy and Planning , component of : Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting : POSDCoRB 2. Management is the process of working which and through others to achieve organizational objectives in a changing environment. Central to this process is the effectiveness and efficiency use of limited resources.

    3. Process Administration (Gulilck,Urwick;1939) 1. Planning is the formulation of future courses of action. Plans and the objectives on which they are based give purpose and direction to the organization, its subunits, and contributing individuals. 2. Decision Making. Managers choose among alternative courses of action when they make decisions. Making intelligent and ethical decisions in today’s complex world is a major management challenge. 3. Organizing. Structural considerations such as the chain of command, division of labor, and assignment of responsibility are part of the organizing function. Careful organizing helps ensure the efficient use of human resources. 4. Staffing. Organizations are only as good as thepeople in them. Staffing consists of recruiting. Training, and developing people who can contribute to the organized effort.

    4. 5. Communicating. Today’s managers are responsible for communicating to their employees the technical knowledge, instructions, rules, and information required to get the job done. Recognizing that communication is a two-way process, managers should be responsive to feedback and upward communication. 6. Motivating. An important aspect of management today is motivating individuals to pursue collective objectives by satisfying needs and meeting expectations with meaningful work and valued rewards. 7. Leading. Managers become inspiring leaders by serving as role models and adapting their management style to the demands of the situation. The idea of visionary leadership is popular today. 8. Controlling. When managers compare desired results with actual results and take the necessary corrective action, they are keeping things on track through the control function. Deviations from past plans should be considered when formulating new plans.

    5. Process Management (Peter F.Drucker, 1954) Planning : Management function that : Involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals, and developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Organizing : Management function that : Involves the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Leading : Management function that : Involves motivating subordinates, influencing individuals or teams as they work, selecting the most effective communication channels, or dealing in any way with employee behavior issues. Controlling : Management function that : Involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual to standard, and taking action, if necessary.

    6. ??????????????????????????????? Science : ??????????? (Knowledge) ????????????????????????????? Art : ????????? ???????????????????????/???????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????(??????????)?????????????????????????????????????

    7. ???????????????????????????????????????????(7500 ?? ???????????) 5000 BC ???????????? – ??????????????????????????????? 4000,2600 BC ?????????? – ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? 1100 BC ?????? – ????????????????????????????????? 350 BC ??????? – ???????????????????????????????????? 325 BC ????????????? – ???????????????????????????????????????? 280 ?.?. ???? ???????? – ????????????????????????????? 1776 ?.?. ???? ???? – ?????????????????????????????????? ????????? 17-18 - ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? 1869 Gulilck and Urwick - ??????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??? POSDCORB 1881 Frederick W.Taylor – ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 1920 Max Weber - ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1925 Henri Fayol - ?????????????????????????????????????????? 1985 Edward Deming - ???????????????????????? ISO…??????????????????? TQM 1990 Micheal Hammer - ????????????????????????????? ?????????????? Re-engineering 2005 Peter F. Drucker - ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? (MBO)

    8. ????????????????????????????? (Classical Perspective) ??????????? 3 ??? ??????????????????????? (Scientific management) ?????????????????????? (Bureaucratic management) ????????????????????????? (Administrative management)

    9. 1. ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????????????????? Frederick W. Taylor (Frederick W.Taylor,1881) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????

    10. ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? 4 ?????? ?????????????????????????? Taylor ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? : ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????

    11. ???????????????? Taylor ??????????????????????????: ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????: ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? Put the right man in the right job ?????????????????????????????: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Method and Tools) ??????????????????????????????????????????: ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????: ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????: ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????

    12. ?????????????????????????? Henry L.Gantt Henry L. Gantt ??????????????????? ????????????? Taylor ????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????????(Training) ???????????????????(Motivation) ???????? Gantt ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? Grant chart ???? Barchart ?????????? PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) ????????????????????? Bonus ??? Gantt ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    13. 2. ???????????????????????? Weber Max Weber(1906 – 1920) ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???? ?????????????????????/???????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? 6 ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????

    14. ?????????????“??????????”??? Max Weber ?????????????????????????? ( Horizontal Delegation) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ( Authority Hierarchy) : ????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ( Formal Selection ) : ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????/?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ( Evidence and Reference ) ???????????????????? ?????????? ( Formal Rules and Regulations ) : ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ( Impersonality ) : ???????????/??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????/???????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ( Career Orientation ) : ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????/??????????????????????????? ?

    15. 3. ????????????????????????? Henri Fayol(1925) ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? Henri Fayol ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? Fayol ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????

    16. Fayol ???????????????????????????? 6 ????? ??????????: ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????: ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????: ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????: ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????: ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????: ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ???????????????? Fayol ??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????

    17. ???????????????????????????????? 11. ??????????? ??????????? 12. ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? 13. ?????????????? ????????????? 14. ??????????? ???????????????????????????? Fayol ????????? (Planning) ???????????? (Organizing) ?????????????? (Command) ???????????? (Co-ordination) ????????? (Control)

    18. Oliver Sheldon ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Sheldon ????????????? ???? 3 ?????? ????????? (Administration) ????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????? ? ????????? (Management) ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    19. ????????????????????????? Gulilck and Urwick ????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? POSDCORB P (Planning) ????????? : ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? O (Organizing) ????????????? : ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????/????????????????????? S (Staffing) ?????????????? : ??????????? ??????????????????????? D (Directing) ?????????? : ?????????????????????????????????????? CO (Co-ordinating) ???????????? : R (Reporting) ?????????????????????? : ???????????????????????????? B (Budgeting) ???????????????? : ????????????-??????????????????

    20. ???????????????????? Herri Fayol (1925) ????????? (Planning) ???????????? (Organizing) ?????????????? (Command) ???????????? (Co-ordination) ????????? (Control) ?????????????????????????? Peter F.Drucker (2005) ????????? (Planning) ???????????? (Organizing) ?????/????? (Leading) ????????? (Control)

    21. ????????????????????(????????????)??? Drucker (1954 - 2005) 1) Planning ????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? 2) Organizing ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3) Leading ????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4) Controlling ????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????? 1) ??????????????????????????????????? 2) ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? 3) ??????????????????????????????

    22. 2. ???????????????????????????????????? (Human Relations) ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????? Elton Mayo ????????????????? (?? 1880 – 1949) ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? Harvard University ????????????? Howthorne study ?????????????????????????????????????? Western Electric ???????????????? 1. ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2. ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 3. ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????

    23. ?????????????????????????????????? Maslow(1954) Abraham Maslow : ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????(Physiological needs) ??????????????????????(Safety needs) ????????????????????(Social needs) ?????????????????/??????(Esteem needs) ?????????????????????????????????(Growth needs) Douglas McGregor(1964) : ???????????????????????????? ????? X ????? Y

    24. ?????????????????????? X ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? Y ???????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????

    25. 3. ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 3 ?????????? ???????????????????? (Management Science) ??????????????????? (Operation Management) ????????????????????? (Management Information System : MIS)

    26. ???????????????????????????????????????????? 1. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2. ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????? 3. ???????????(Model)??????????????(Simulation) ??????????????? ?????????????????????? 1. ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? 2. ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 1. ?????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? 2. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    27. 4. ??????????????????????????/???????? ??????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????? USA ??? Japan ???????????? ? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????? (Management by objective: MBO) ??????????????? (Quality control: QC and QCC) ??????????????? (Reengineering) ?????????????????? 5 ? ???????????????? ????????????????????????(Best Practices)

    28. ????????????? : ????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? 2 ???????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????? 2 ?????? 1. ???????????????????? (Formal organization) 2. ??????????????????????? (Informal organization)

    29. ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????

    30. ????????????? ????????????? 3 ?????? ???????????????????????????????? (Job specialization) ?????????? (Task dimensions) ????????????????? (Job descriptions) ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? 5 ?????? ???????????????? (Skill variety) ??????????????? (Task identity) ??????????????? (Task significance) ??????????? (Autonomy) ?????????????? (Feedback)

    31. ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?? 2 ???????? ???????????????????????????? (Tall organizational structure) ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? (Flat organizational structure) ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 1. ????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????

    32. 1. ????? Luther Gulick 2. ????? Frederick W.Taylor 3. ????? Henry L. Gantt 4. ????? Frank&Lillian Gilbreth 5. ????? Max Weber 6. ????? Henri Fayol 7. ????? Elton Mayo 8. ????? Abraham Maslow 9. ????? Frederick Herzberg 10. ????? Dauglas McGregor 11. ????? Edward Damming 12. ????? Micheal Hammer 13. ????? Peter F.Drucker 14. ????? Oliver Sheldon 15. ????? Harrington Emerson 16. ????? Lyndall Urwick 17. ????? Chester Barnard 18. ????? Franklin D.Roosevelt 19. ????? Mary Parker Follett 20. ????? Hugo Munsterberg 21. ????? Robert E. Wood 22. ????? James Thompson 23. ????? William G.Ouchi : Z 24. ????? Richard Johnson 25. ????? Thomas J.Peters 26. ????? Robert H.Waterman.Jr.

    33. 1. Early Management Thought (??????????????????????????) 2. Classical Management Theory (?????????????????????) 3. Behavioral Management Theory (?????????????????????????) 4. Management Science Theory (????????????????????????????) 5. Contemporary Management Theory (??????????????????????) 6. Systems Theory (?????????????) - Daniel Kats, James Thompson, Robert kahn 7. Contingency Theory (?????????????????) - Tom Burns , G.M.Stalker, Paul Lawrence , Jay Lorsch 7. In Search of Excellence (???????????????????? ) 8. Reengineering the corporation(?????????????????????) 9. Decision–Marking Theory (???????????????? ) 10. The management Science Theory ( ???????????????????)

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