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Understanding Resolution and Color Theory in Photoshop CS6

Dive into the essentials of Photoshop CS6 with this guide focusing on color theory and resolution. Learn how the resolution setting affects your document quality, controlling the number of pixels per inch. Discover the importance of high versus low-resolution documents, and how they impact your designs. This foundational knowledge will enhance your ability to create stunning graphics that are visually appealing and professionally appropriate.

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Understanding Resolution and Color Theory in Photoshop CS6

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  1. The Basics for Photoshop CS 6

  2. Color Theory
  3. Color Wheel
  4. Resolution The Resolution field controls the number of pixels per inch or per centimeter in your document. High-resolution documents contain more pixels per inch than low resolutiondocuments of the same size. Resolution guidance: 72 ppi- If you’re designing an image that will be viewed only onscreen (in a web browser or a slideshow presentation, for example) 240 ppi- If you’re going to print the image at home 300 ppi- if it’s headed to a professional printer
  5. Color Mode and Bit Depth Black and white is 2 Bit Color. This bitmap restricts you to two colors: black and white. (Shades of gray aren’t welcome at the Bitmap party.) This mode is useful when you’re scanning high- contrast items like black-and-white text documents or creating graphics for handheld devices that don’t have color screens. Grayscaleexpands on Bitmap mode by adding shades between pure black and pure white. The higher the document’s bit depth, the more shades of gray—and so the more details—it can contain. 8-bit documents include 256 shades of gray; 16-bit documents extend that range to over 65,000; and 32-bit documents crank it up to over 4.2 billion (see the box on page 46 for more on bit depth). RGB Color is the color mode you’ll use the most, and it’s also the one your monitor and digital camera use to represent colors. This mode shows colors as a mix of red, green, and blue light, with each having a numeric value between 0 and 255 that describes the brightness of each color present (for example, fire-engine red has an RGB value of 250 for red, 5 for green, and 5 for blue). As with Grayscale mode, the higher a document’s bit depth, the more details it can contain.
  6. Influences on Graphic Quality Resolution Bit-depth 1-bit (2 colors) 8-bit (256 colors) 24-bit (16.7 million colors)
  7. Bit Depth
  8. 1-bit Color
  9. 8-bit Color
  10. 24-bit Color
  11. 24-bit Color Example
  12. File Formats
  13. JPEG Graphics 24-bit depth storage Best for continuous tone images Lossy compression Image must decompress to view Slows download speed
  14. GIF Graphics Created by Compuserve Up to 8-bit depth storage Lossless compression Use LZW compression
  15. TransparentGIF Regular GIF Transparent GIF
  16. Animated GIF
  17. PNG Graphics Newest W3C endorsed Up to 32-bit depth storage Lossless compression
  18. Raster Images Raster images are made from pixels, tiny blocks of color that are the smallest elements of a digital image. The number of pixels in an image depends on the device that captured it (a digital camera or scanner) or the settings you entered when you created the document in Photoshop. The size of the pixels depends on the image’s resolution, which specifies the number of pixels in an inch. Usually pixels are so small that you can’t see them individually; but, if you zoom in on a raster image, the pixels get bigger and the image starts to look like a bunch of blocks instead of a smooth image. JPEGs, TIFFs, and GIFs are raster images.
  19. Digital Image Varieties Raster (Bit-mapped images) Raster graphics are the common output of scanners and digital cameras Created from square picture elements – pixels Picture made of individually addressed pixels (bitmapped) Press industry calls these “contones” while vector are referred to as “line art”
  20. Vector Images Vector images are made up of points and paths that form shapes; these shapes are then filled and stroked (outlined) with color. (In Photoshop CS6, you can create vector images as easily as in drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator.) Paths are based on mathematical equations that tell monitors and printers exactly how to draw the image. Because there aren’t any pixels involved, you can make vector images as big or small as you want, and they’ll still look as smooth and crisp as the original. Photoshop can open vector images, but unless you open them as Smart Objects, Photoshop will turn them into pixel-based raster images through a process called rasterizing.
  21. Vector Graphics Vector (Object Oriented Images) Lines, arcs and shapes Created in many drawing programs Stores as an algorithm describing the shapes, sizes and orientations Advantages Disadvantage
  22. Common Vector Formats Vector Graphics Saved as algorithms. Small file size. Scalable. Offers great flexibility for resizing, printing and displaying graphics. .ai (Illustrator file extension) Created in Adobe Illustrator .cdr (Corel Draw version X6) .swf (Flash file extension) Created in Adobe Flash
  23. Open Files
  24. Panels
  25. Navigating the Screen
  26. Choosing Individual Colors
  27. Brushes
  28. Shape Tools
  29. Undo
  30. Save
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