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Plate Tectonics Review. 1. List the layers of the Earth in order from the interior out. Inner core Outer core Mantle C rust. 2. Temperature and pressure both ______________ with depth. Increase. 3. How do scientists study the interior of the Earth?. Seismic Waves.
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1. List the layers of the Earth in order from the interior out. • Inner core • Outer core • Mantle • Crust
2. Temperature and pressure both ______________ with depth. • Increase
3. How do scientists study the interior of the Earth? • Seismic Waves
4. What makes up the inner core and outer core? • Iron • Nickel
5. What 3 types of evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift? • Evidence from Landforms • Evidence from Fossils • Evidence from Climate
6. What is Pangaea? • Alfred Wegener’s supercontinent
7. What is a fossil? • Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock
8. What is the mid-ocean ridge • Longest chain of mountains located on the ocean floor
9. Explain the process of sea-floor spreading and where does it take place. • Process by which new material is continually added to the ocean floor and happens at the mid-ocean ridge
10. The movement of the plates is caused by ________________. • Convection currents
11. Explain the Theory of Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift. • Plate Tectonics – pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. • Continental Drift – all continents were once joined together in a single landmass and has since drifted apart.
12. List and describe the 3 types of plate boundaries • Transform boundary – 2 plates slip past each other causing earthquakes • Divergent boundary – 2 plates move apart • Convergent boundary – 2 plates come together
14. What is the lithosphere? • Uppermost part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer of rock
15. What is the asthenosphere? • Layer beneath the lithosphere that is less rigid then the rock above it
16. Explain how convection currents in the mantle cause the lithospheric plates to move • The warm less dense material rises and the cool more dense material sink causes movement of the plates
17. Where is new ocean crust created? • At the mid-ocean ridge through sea-floor spreading
18. Explain the 3 types of convergent boundaries and what each produces. • Convergent oceanic and oceanic plates – 1 plate is subducted (the more dense plate) through a trench and forms a chain of volcanic islands • Convergent oceanic and continental plates – oceanic is more dense and is subducted under the continental plate. Volcanoes on land are produced. • Convergent continental and continental plate – 2 continental plates collide, crust buckles and mountain ranges are formed.
19. Earth’s magnetic field is processed by the Earth’s __________. • Core
20. Why is ocean crust younger than continental crust? • It moves through the rock cycle faster than continental crust. New ocean crust is created at the mid-ocean ridge and old ocean crust is subducted at a trench.
21. What happens at trenches on the ocean floor? • Oceanic crust is pushed back into the mantle and forms molten material (subducted).
22. What is density? • The amount of matter in a given amount of space. • Density = mass/volume
23. What type of boundaries form at the mid-ocean ridge? • Divergent boundary
24. Which layer do the Earth’s plates float on? • Asthenosphere
25. Explain why oceanic crust is subducted at an oceanic and continental convergent boundary • Oceanic crust is more dense than continental
