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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia. Xavier Fung Miriam Hjertnes. What is Schizophrenia?. Thought, mood and anxiety disorder Neurotransmitter and messaging centre disturbed Affects ones perception of reality 12000 – 16000 in Norway 600 – 800 per year approxiamately Rough estimate 10% suicide rate.

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Schizophrenia

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  1. Schizophrenia Xavier Fung Miriam Hjertnes

  2. What is Schizophrenia? • Thought, mood and anxiety disorder • Neurotransmitter and messaging centre disturbed • Affects ones perception of reality • 12000 – 16000 in Norway • 600 – 800 per year approxiamately • Rough estimate • 10% suicide rate

  3. Types • Paranoid type – suspicions, paranoia and relationship difficulties • Disorganized type – Disorder and Flat effect. Occurs earlier and gradually, disorganized speech and behavior, trouble taking care of themselves • Catatonic type – Disturbance in movement and decreased motor activity

  4. Symptoms • Positive symptoms – distort and exaggerated sights, sounds, thoughts and behavior - Beliefs, hallucinations, bizzare behavior and disorganized sppech, thoughts and movement • Negative symptoms – lack of motion or interest and flat effect, personal hygeine - Alogia and lack of speech, Avoltion andAnhedonia, posturing

  5. Causes – genetic and environmental factors • Genetic factors – only influencing • First degree relative  10% • General population  1% • 60%  no family history • Environmental factors – trigger • High levels of stress  examples • Cortisol concentration increase

  6. Brain structure • 40 – 50% Schizophrenics have abnormalities • Enlarged brain ventricles • Abnormalties: temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, frontal lobe • Two main neurotransmitters– dopamine, glutamate

  7. PET scans - Regions of the brain that are activated when a person performs a memory task.

  8. Dopamine • Movement and thoughts, reward, feelings and pleasure • High levels = psychotic and paranoid thinking • Larger amount of dopamine receptors in schizophrenics • Overactive dopamine system • Amphetamine induces dopamine and symptoms of schizophrenia

  9. Glutamate • Learning and formation and encoding of memory • Inhibition of glutamate receptorscause symptoms of schizophrenia e.g. PCP and ketamine • High levels of glutamate inhibitors  thought disorders • Glutamate receptors located throughout the brain  widespread cortical dysfunction • Located in brain circuits regulating dopamine release  dopamine concentration is linked to glutamate activity

  10. Treatment • 25% recovery • Medication + psychosocial treatment + regular examination • Exercise of Cognitive and Social skills • Men diagnosed earlier and tend to have have greater social dysfunction • Encouragement and help controlling of symptoms

  11. Psychotherapy • Learning required social skills • Supporting goals and activities • Regaining confidence – ordinary tasks • Group therapy + medication • Family therapy reduces relapse rate below 10%

  12. Medications • Antidepressant • Antipsychotic • Anti-anxiety • Challenges -cease taking medication

  13. Antipsychotics • Normalise biochemical imbalances, reduce relapse • Two types • Traditional Antipsychotics – hallucinations, delusions and confusions – block dopamine receptors • New antipsychotics – may work on both serotonin and deopamine receptors, fewer side effects and more effective • Atypical antipsychotics- Stabalization of mood, decreases frequency and intensity of mood swings – side effects Used as priority medication

  14. Statistics • 1% of world • Roughly 1.5million will be diagnosed every year • Prevlance rate : 1.1% of the population over 18 • 7.2 people out of 1000 • 51 million worldwide at any one time

  15. Graph showing recovery of Schizophrenics

  16. Sources http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral-Health-Ob-Sea/Schizophrenia.html#b http://www.jamesdisabilitylaw.com/schizophrenia.htm http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en/ http://www.schizophrenia.com/szfacts.htm 5 http://www.physio-pedia.com/Schizophrenia http://www.fhi.no/eway/default.aspx?pid=233&trg=MainLeft_5565&MainArea_5661=5565:0:15,2343:1:0:0:::0:0&MainLeft_5565=5544:61140::1:5569:9:::0:0 http://nhi.no/sykdommer/psykisk-helse/schizofreni/schizofreni-oversikt-3090.html?page=4 http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia/page4.htm#how_is_schizophrenia_diagnosed

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