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The 20 th Century and Beyond

This chapter explores the significant events leading to the end of the Cold War, highlighting the roles of leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin. It delves into the reforms initiated in the Soviet Union, the impact of the Reagan Doctrine, and the subsequent emergence of global conflicts, particularly in the Middle East. The discussion extends to globalization, examining its effects on communication, business, migration, and international relations. The chapter reflects on the increasing interconnectedness of the world and the growing challenges that arise from it.

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The 20 th Century and Beyond

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  1. The 20th Century and Beyond Ch 36: The Final Chapter

  2. I. The end of the Cold War • Reagan Doctrine- US assist in any anticommunist resistance • Afghanistan • Soviet Union’s military was stretched • Various satellite nations soon split off

  3. I. The End of the Cold War • Mikhail Gorbachev • Instituted many reforms • Anti-Stalinism • Glasnost (openness)- “freedom to criticize) • Limitations on nuclear weapons • Perestroika (economic restructuring)- decentralization of industry • Government not all powerful • Social reforms • People eventually became unhappy with too much change • Soviet Union stated to collapse between 1989-1990

  4. II. Post Soviet Union • Boris Yeltsin • Took over in 1991 which became the end of the Soviet Union • President of Russia • Renounced Communism- brought in a free-market economy • Used military force to overthrow the Soviet Parliament • Vladimir Putin • Replace Yeltsin in 1999 • Freedom of Press? • Democracy and Freedom?

  5. III. The Middle East • Area of conflict • Persian Gulf War 1991 • Saddam Hussein (Iraq) invades Kuwait • United States gets involved (admittedly for oil reasons) • War on Terrorism • Result of 9/11 attacks • Resulted in a War in Afghanistan and War in Iraq • Major power comes from oil

  6. IV. Globalization • Globalization- The interconnectedness of the World • Describes how the world has become smaller due to communication and transportation • Describes how one issue in one part of the world has a significant impact in another • Level of globalization increases dramatically everyday • 1990- Tim Berns “creates the internet” • 2001- 25% of world has internet • 2010- between 30-40%

  7. IV. Globalization • Business • Multinational corporations • Outsourcing • Various businesses have different departments or locations around the world • Sometimes more powerful than the host company • Force improvements in communication and transportation

  8. IV. Globalization • Migration • “Guest Workers” • Immigration increases with ease of transportation • Brings about language barriers • Multiculturalism • Cultural Globalization • Americanization • McDonalds • Usually includes native variations • Science and arts • Working together around the world

  9. IV. Globalization • United Nations • Originally started to keep peace • Provides aid • Works on health and human rights issues • Issues with religions • Spread of world cultures sometimes runs against fundamental religious groups • Ex. Islam in the Middle East • Results in conflict

  10. V. Global Problems • Spread of Disease • Ease of travel makes the threat of pandemics a larger problem • Swine Flu, SARS, AIDS etc. • Upside: worldwide efforts towards eradicating these diseases • Environmental issues • Worldwide Concern • Awareness of how local issues can be a worldwide issue • Problem can be compounded as a result of rapid growth in developing countries • Usually encouraged by industrial countries

  11. VI. Wrap Up • Globalization has its positives and negatives • Everything in history has lead us to this point in time

  12. The End The Space Marines have been defeated and the world is now a “safe and peaceful” place…

  13. Or is it?

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