Revolution=Tough Work

1. Revolution=Tough Work

2. Battle for Quebec • Many patriots want to take Canada • We capture a few key forts but need Quebec • Benedict Arnold leads attack, no cannons, many troops leaving soon • Wait to attack during snowstorm, fails badly, half Americans are causalities– killed, wounded, missing

3. Battle for New York • British General Howe has 32,000 troops, Washington has 20,000 • Battle of Long Island– Americans badly defeated, war could have been lost if not for Washington • Nathan Hale– American spy caught by British, “I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country.”

4. Rough Time for the Patriots • US soldiers don’t have proper clothes, shoes, supplies • Many deserters– leave army w/o permission, cause is about to collapse • Thomas Paine writes “The Crisis” –written to inspire the troops and citizens • Washington wants slaves to be able to fight, southern colonies against it • New England colonies let them fight anyway

5. Victory in New Jersey • British do not plan to fight in the winter, plan to stay in NY, leave Hessians in Trenton and Princeton • Washington sneaks across the Delaware River on Christmas night and defeats Hessians in Trenton

6. Battle of Princeton– Americans leave fires burning, draw British in, surround them • Big victory, lifts spirits

7. A British Plan for Victory • British plan to take Albany/Hudson River– will cut off New England colonies from other colonies • 3 Way Plan: • Gen. Burgoyne- goes south from Canada • Gen. St. Leger- goes east from Lake Ontario • Gen. Howe- goes north from NY

8. Howe decides to take Philly on the way to Albany but Washington attacks at Brandywine and Germantown • Both American losses but slows down British

9. St. Leger is stopped by Benedict Arnold at Fort Stanwix • Burgoyne takes back Ft. Ticonderoga but moves to slow in the woods • He runs out of supplies, sends some troops to find more and they get captured by Green Mtn. Boys at Ft. Bennington

10. Battle of Saratoga • Burgoyne retreats to Saratoga, NY • He expects help from Howe & St. Leger • Americans surround him, led by Gen. Horatio Gates • Burgoyne tries to break out once but then is forced to surrender • Saratoga shows the world we might actually win– France and Spain now help

12. Foreign Allies • France has been sending $, but now also sends troops • Spain and France declare war on England, now England has to worry about Europe • Spain captures British forts on the Miss. River– Bernardo de Galvez

13. Marquis de Lafayette (French) helps led troops in battle, good friends w/ Washington • Pulaski (Poland)– designs forts and trains cavalry • Von Stueben (Germany)– drill sergeant, whips troops into fighting shape

14. Valley Forge • Washington spends winter camped 20 miles outside of Philly at Valley Forge • Lack of food, warm clothes, shoes, blankets, tents • Many die of starvation, exposure, many also desert the army

15. Fighting at Sea • British use their navy to blockade our coast– lack of supplies • Congress calls for ship building and privateers attack British ships • John Paul Jones destroys the British ship “Serapis”– “I have not yet begun to fight!”