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The Evolution of Gene Regulation: From Central Dogma to Realistic Complexity

Explore the journey of gene regulation from the simplicity of the Central Dogma in the 1960s to the intricate reality of gene products diversity and environmentally responsive mechanisms in the 2000s. This evolution delves into the tight control on gene expression influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, the role of small RNAs in gene silencing and transcription initiation, and the complexity of regulatory mechanisms in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Discover how genes and environment shape our biological makeup, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between genetic architecture and gene product diversity. Uncover the pivotal shifts in understanding gene regulation and the essential conditions that govern living organisms' processes in this comprehensive exploration.

yvonne-scott
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The Evolution of Gene Regulation: From Central Dogma to Realistic Complexity

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  1. Eukaryotic Loci One Locus, Multiple Proteins, Environmentally* Responsive, Diversity of Gene “Products,” Oct. 4, 2005 Tight Control on Expression of Diversity *Biotic & Abiotic Influences

  2. Central Dogma plus cell biology (1980) Simplified Reality

  3. 1970 1990 2000 2002 2001 1980 2003 1990 Central Dogma of Genetics – 1960+

  4. What is Assumed ?What are Necessary Conditions?

  5. Small RNAs thatsilence genes, and alter the transcription initiation site Emerging Reality - 2003 2003 Control of IgE prod’n:Nature Imm. 4(1):7 Asthma incidence: Nature Imm. 3(8):715

  6.  2000genes  3300genes(humoral) >5000 genes More Realistic - 2000

  7. Reality(1985) 10% of the cells from parents 90% of the cells from bacteria Genes & Cells From Parents’ Gametes 1900 We are a product of our Genes and our Env’t.

  8. Transcription & Translation Regulation • Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Complexity of “switches” • Effects of nuclear membrane on regulation mechanisms • Effects of gene “architecture” on regulation • Effects of gene “architecture” on gene product diversity Note Chapters 12, 13, 14

  9. Repressor binding Multiple loci activity Diverse binding affinity Induced or repressed Binding “helpers” Mutiple targets at a locus DNA &/or RNA folding Regulator sRNAs (ribozyme) Micro RNAs Antisense gene RNA sRNA nuclear (reg. translation) RNAi silences genes dsRNAs Operons and Eukaryotes have complex regulation Then in both,(with some differences) First in prokaryotes

  10. Review Previous Questions • Conditions for living organisms • Conditions for regulation of processes • Intrinsic conditions • Extrinsic conditions • Delayed response, rapid response • Off/On vs. Less/More • Explicit conditions • Implicit conditions • Unknowns Chapters 10, 11, 12

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