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Mars: The Red Planet

Mars: The Red Planet. By Sarah Wolbach. What does Mars mean?. Roman god of war Red color is associated with blood Observed by Ancient Romans. Discovery of Mars. First observed by Egyptians – 1570 B.C. Galileo Galilei was the first to view Mars through a telescope – 1610 A.D. Distances.

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Mars: The Red Planet

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  1. Mars: The Red Planet By Sarah Wolbach

  2. What does Mars mean? • Roman god of war • Red color is associated with blood • Observed by Ancient Romans

  3. Discovery of Mars • First observed by Egyptians – 1570 B.C. • Galileo Galilei was the first to view Mars through a telescope – 1610 A.D.

  4. Distances • Fourth planet from the sun • 227,940,000 km away • Distance from the Earth: • Varies because of their orbits • Avg. 225 million km

  5. Planet Measurements • Mass – 6.42 x 1023 km • Volume – 1.63 x 1011 km • Gravity – 3.71 m/s2 • Density – 3.93 g/cm3 • Mars would sink in water because it is more dense than water.

  6. Orbit and Rotation • 687 Earth days to orbit the sun • 24 hours and 40 min to rotate on its own axis

  7. Mars’ Atmosphere • 100 times thinner than Earth’s • 95.3% Carbon Dioxide • 2.7% Nitrogen • 1.6% Argon • .13% Oxygen • .08% Carbon Monoxide

  8. Temperature Range • Much colder than Earth • Temperatures average -60° to -125° C • Can reach 20° C in the summer

  9. Composition/Appearance • Rocky, thick layer of oxidized iron dust and rocks • Crust – volcanic basalt rock • Solid Core – iron, nickel, sulfur • “The Red Planet” • High iron content • Dusty surface • Appears to be red from Earth

  10. Moons Phobos Deimos • asteroid-sized • 9,377 km above Mars • orbits twice a day • discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall • asteroid-sized • 23,460 km above Mars • takes 30.35 hours to complete orbit • discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall

  11. Water • Much of the water escaped because of the thin atmosphere and less gravity • Water contained in ice caps at north/south poles • More water is frozen beneath the surface and covered by red dust

  12. What would happen if a human traveled to Mars? • No oxygen • Low gravity; could float • High radiation from Sun because of the thin atmosphere • Very cold temperatures

  13. Special Features • Tallest mountain in the solar system – Olympus Mons • Longest, deepest canyon in the solar system – VallesMarineris • Similar tilt and seasons as Earth • Dust storms • Winds over 125 mph • Storms can last for weeks

  14. Bibliography • Lavender, Gemma, Mphys. "Can We Make Mars Our Home?" Astronomy For Kids. KidsKnowIt Network, n.d. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.kidsastronomy.com/Men-on-Mars-article.php>. • "Mars: Facts & Figures." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Mars: Overview. NASA, n.d. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars>. • "Phobos and Deimos." ESA - Space for Kids. European Space Agency, n.d. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.esa.int/esaKIDSen/SEM4Q6WJD1E_OurUniverse_0.html>. • Redd, Nola Taylor. "Water on Mars: Exploration & Evidence." Space.com. TechMedia Network, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.space.com/17048-water-on-mars.html>. • Sharp, Tim. "Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather." Space.com. TechMedia Network, 3 Aug. 2012. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html>. • Sharp, Tim. "What Is Mars Made Of?" Space.com. TechMedia Network, 3 Aug. 2012. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.space.com/16895-what-is-mars-made-of.html>.

  15. Image Citations http://wordquests.info/cgi/ice2-for.cgi?file=/hsphere/local/home/scribejo/wordquests.info/htm/L-Gk-mars.htm&HIGHLIGHT=ares http://www.sparselysageandtimely.com/blog/?p=18469 http://weeklyworldnews.com/aliens/8218/mars-traded-with-ancient-egypt/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/08/photogalleries/galileos-telescope-pictures-anniversary/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/9250628/Mars-was-covered-in-water-just-like-the-Earth.html http://glossi.com/afryer222/57505-mars-by-aj?tkn=0253bdcc7a97423bb60863a3c1c65b77&eb=afryer222 http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/nightsky/nightsky03/ http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2003/32.cfm http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html

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