Cardiovascular System

1. Cardiovascular System aorta arteriole artery Atrioventricular bundle Atrioventricular node atrium capillary Coronary arteries Deoxygenated blood 主动脉 zhu dong mai 小动脉 xiao dong mai 动脉 dong mai 房室束 fang shi shu 房实结 fang shi jie 心房 xin fang 毛细血管 mao xi xue guan 冠状动脉 guan zhuang dong mai 低氧血 di yang xue

2. Cardiovascular System diastole endocardium Mitral valve murmur myocardium pacemaker pericardium Pulmonary artery Pulmonary circulation 舒张 shu zhang 心内膜 xin nei mo 二尖瓣 er jian ban 杂音 za yin 心肌 xin ji 起搏点 qi bo dian 心包 xin bao 肺动脉 fei dong mai 肺循环 fei xun huan

3. Cardiovascular System Pulmonary valve Pulmonary vein pulse septum Sinoatrial node sphygmomanometer Systemic circulation systole Tricuspid valve 肺动脉瓣 fei dong mai ban 肺静脉 fei jing mai 脉搏 mai bo 间隔 jian ge 窦房结 dou fang jie 血压计 xue ya ji 体循环 ti xun huan 收缩 shou suo 三尖瓣 san jian ban

4. Cardiovascular System Vena cava ventricle venule 腔静脉 qiang jing mai 心室 xin shi 小静脉 xiao jing mai

5. arrhythmias 心律失常xin lv shi chang Heart block 心传导阻滞xin chuang dao zu zhi flutter 心扑 xin pu Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions Abnormal heart rhythms Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle Rapid but regular contractions of atria or ventricles

6. fibrillation 纤维颤动 xian wei chan dong Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病xian tian xing xin zang bing Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄zhu dong mai suozhai Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions Rapid, random, ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart(350 beats or more per minute) Abnormalities in the heart at birth Narrowing of the aorta

7. Patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭dong mai dao guan wei bi Septal defects 间隔缺损jian ge que sun Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症fa luo shi si lian zheng Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions A small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remain open Small holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles 1.Pulmonary artery stenosis 2.ventricular septal defect 3.Shift of the aorta to the right 4.hypertrophy of the right venticle

8. Congestive heart failure 充血性心衰chong xue xing xin shuai Coronary artery disease 冠心病 guan xin bing endocarditis 心内膜炎 xin nei mo yan Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart Cause: atherosclerosis 动脉(dongmai)粥(zhou)样(yang)硬化(yinghua) Inflamation[炎症(yanzheng)] of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria[细菌(xijun)]

9. Hypertensive heart disease 高血压性心脏病gaoxueya xing xinzangbing Mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂er jian ban tuo chui pericarditis 心包炎 xin bao yan Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions High blood pressure affecting the heart Improper closure of the mitral valve (enlarges and prolapses into the left atrium during systole) Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

10. Rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病feng shi xing xin zang bing aneurysm 动脉瘤dong mai liu hypertension 高血压 gao xue ya Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever (childhood disease) Local widening of an arterial wall Cause: atherosclerosis, hypertension, weakness of vessel wall High blood pressure. Most is essential[原发性(yuanfaxing)]，with no identifiable cause

11. Peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病wai zhou xue guan bing Raynaud disease 雷诺病 lei nuo bing Varicose veins 静脉曲张 jing mai quzhang Cardiovascular System Pathological Conditions Blockage[阻塞(zuse)] of blood vessels outside the heart Short episodes of pallor[苍白(cangbai)] and cyanosis[紫绀(zigan)] in the fingers[手指(shouzhi)] and toes[脚趾(jiaozhi)] Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs[腿(tui)]

12. Lipid tests 脂类检测 zhi lei jian ce Lipoprotein electrophoresis 脂蛋白电泳zhi dan bai dian yong Serum enzyme tests 血清酶检测xue qing mei jiance Cardiovascular System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Measurement of cholesterol胆固醇(dangu chun) and triglycerides甘油三酯(ganyousanzhi) in a blood sample Lipoproteins (combinations of fat脂肪(zhifang) and protein蛋白质(danbaizhi) are physically separated in a blood sample Examples: low-density lipoprotein(LDL)低(di)密度(midu)脂蛋白(zhidanbai) Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack Examples: creatine kinase(CK)肌酸激酶(jisuan jimei) troponin-T(cTnT)肌钙蛋白T(jigaidanbai)

13. Cardiac catheterization 心导管检查 xin dao guan jian cha Eletrocardiography 心电图 xin dian tu Holter monitoring 24小时心监 ershisi xiaoshi xinjian Cardiovascular System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein静脉(jingmai) or an artery动脉(dongmai) Recording of electricity flowing through the heart An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias心律失常(xinlüshichang)

14. Stress test 运动实验 yun dong shi yan Cardioversion(defibrillation) 电除颤 dian chu chan Cardiovascular System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Exercise tolerance test determines the heart’s response to physical exertion强(qiang)体力活动(tilihuodong) [stress应激(yingji)] Very brief discharges of electricity放电(fangdian), applied across the chest胸部(xiongbu) to stop arrthymias

15. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 冠状动脉旁路搭桥Guan zhuang dong mai pang lu daqiao Extracorporeal circulation 体外循环 ti wai xun huan Cardiovascular System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Arteries and veins are anastomosed联结(lianjie) to coronary arteries to detour around blockages阻塞(zuse) A heart-lung machine心肺(xinfei)机(ji) diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is being repaired

16. Heart transplantation 心脏移植 xin zang yi zhi Percutaneous coronary intervention 经皮冠状动脉扩张术Jingpi guanzhuangdongmai kuozhang Cardiovascular System Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures A donor供体(gongti) heart is transferred to a recipient受体(shouti) A balloon-tipped catheter尖头(jiantou)胶囊(jiaonang)导管(daoguan) is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents支架(zhijia) are put in place

17. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: What happened to you? P: I get a headache and feel dizzy. 医生：你有什么问题？ Ni you shen me wen ti? 病人：我头晕头痛。 Wo tou yun tou tong.

18. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: All the time or sometimes? P: Sometimes. But it’s more frequent recently. 医生：一直痛还是有时痛？ Yi zhi tong hai shi you shi tong? 病人：有时痛。但最近比较频繁。 You shi tong. Dan zui jin bi jiao pin fan.

19. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Have you got a cold? P: No. 医生：感冒了吗？ Gan mao le ma? 病人：没有。 Mei you.

20. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Have you got any disease with your ears or eyes? P: No, I don’t think so. 医生：你有什么耳朵或者眼睛的疾病吗？ Ni you shen me er duo huo zhe yan jing de ji bing ma? 病人：我想没有。 Wo xiang mei you.

21. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Then are you sure that it’s not vertigo but dizziness? Do you feel any movement of the articles surrounding? P: Yes, I’m quite sure. It’s a dizziness. 医生：那你确定是头晕而不是眩晕吗？晕的时候有没有感到周围事物在运动？ Na ni que ding shi tou yun er bu shi xuan yun ma? Yun de shi hou you mei you gan dao zhou wei shi wu zai yun dong? 病人：是的，我非常肯定就是头晕。 Shi de, wo fei chang ken ding jiu shi tou yun.

22. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Do you have hypertension? P: I have no idea. 医生：有高血压吗? You gao xue ya ma? 病人：我不知道。 Wo bu zhi dao.

23. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Have you experienced any heart attack? P: No, I haven’t. 医生：有没有发过心脏病？ You mei you fa guo xin zang bing? 病人：没有。Mei you.

24. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Are there any other symptoms except that? P: I may feel a chest stress after doing a lot of housework. 医生：除了头晕头痛，还有其他什么不舒服吗？ Chu le tou yun tou tong, hai you qi ta shen me bu shu fu ma? 病人：有时候做多了家务活，会感到胸闷. You shi hou zuo duo le jia wu huo, hui gan dao xiong men.

25. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: Ok. Which floor can you get to before feeling too tired to stop for a breath when you’re going upstairs? P: I don’t know. My house is at the second floor and l usually turn to elevator when I have to go upstairs. 医生：嗯，如果爬楼，爬到几楼你会觉得很累而不得不停下来喘口气? En, ru guo pa lou, pa dao ji lou ni hui jue de hen lei er bu de bu ting xie lai chuan kou qi? 病人：我不知道。我房子在二楼。需要上楼的时候我都是做电梯。 Wo bu zhi dao. Wo fang zi zai er lou. Xu yao shang lou de shi hou wo dou shi zuo dian ti.

26. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: It’s strongly supposed that you have got a disease called hypertension which could cause heart disease if it’s not under control? P: Do you really think I’m that ill? I just feel dizzy？ 医生：你很可能得了高血压，如果不控制的话，会引起心脏病。 Ni hen ke neng de le gao xue ya, ru guo bu kong zhi de hua, hui yin qi xin zang bing. 病人：有那么严重？我只是感到头晕而已啊？ You na me yan zhong? Wo zhi shi gan dao tuo yun er yi a?

27. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: First, nurse will take the blood pressure twice, once today and once tomorrow. I suggest another two examinations, including EKG and UCG. You can finish them today. P: Do they cost much? And what benefits do you think they will bring me. 医生：护士会先给你量两次血压，今天明天各一次。另外我建议你再做两项检查，心电图和超声心动图。今天就可以做完。 Hu shi hui xian gei ni liang liang ci xue ya, jin tian ming tian ge yi ci. Ling wai wo jian yi ni zai zuo liang xiang jian cha, xin dian tu he chao sheng xin dong tu. Jin tian jiu ke yi zuo wan. 病人：要花很多钱吗？这些检查有用吗？。 Yao hua hen duo qian ma? Zhe xie jian cha you yong ma?

28. Cardiovascular System Dialogue Ⅰ D: It’s a standard procedure to take your blood pressure twice in two days. The EKG and UCG will find out the trouble of the heart ? P: Ok. But please spare some money for me. I am not a rich old woman and I have no medical insurance. 医生：两天测两次血压是标准原则，而心电图和超声心动图能发现心脏的毛病。 Liang tian ce liang ci xue ya shi biao zhun yuan ze, er xin dian tu he chao sheng xin dong tu neng fa xian xin zang de mao bing. 病人：好的，不过请你为我省些钱，我不是个有钱的老太太，也没有医疗保险。Hao de, bu guo qing ni wei wo sheng xie qian, wo bu shi ge you qian de lao tai tai, ye mei you yi liao bao xian.