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Chemical bonds

This educational resource aims to introduce the basic vocabulary of chemical bonding, focusing on ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. Explore how sodium transfers an electron to chlorine to form table salt, and learn about polar covalent bonds. The content provides insights into the forces that attract atoms and the characteristics of different types of bonds. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of terms and concepts related to chemical bonding, essential for any chemistry enthusiast.

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Chemical bonds

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  1. Chemical bonds Aims: to learn basic vocabulary used when talking about chemical bonding

  2. Table salt

  3. Silver atoms

  4. A water molecule

  5. Oxygen molecules

  6. A sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom to create table salt

  7. Chemical bonding

  8. What kinds of chemical bonds are there?

  9. Covalent • Ionic • Metallic

  10. Types of chemical bondingKey words: • bond = veza • attractive forces = privlacnesile • interact = medjusobnodelovati • valence electron = valentnielektron • electron shell = elektronskaljuska, omotac • positively charged = pozitivnonaelektrisan • negatively charged = negativnonaelektrisan • oppositely charged = suprotnonaelektrisan • particle = cestica • repel = odbijati • attract = privlaciti • share = deliti • properties = karakteristike, osobine • crystalline = kristalni • dissolve = rastvoriti • solution = rastvor • acid = kiselina • row = red • outermost = spoljni • core = jezgro • diverse = razlicit

  11. Read the text and find the words which have the same/opposite meaning as the following words. • bond, link, connection = t_______ • are located in = r_____ • remember = r________ • attract ↔ r________ • happen = o________ • get = g________ • characteristics = p__________ • think about = c______ • stinking, unpleasant = f_________ • happen = t____ p____ • spring up, jump up = b________ • different = d_________

  12. Read the text and find the words which have the same/opposite meaning as the following words. • bond, link, connection = tie • are located in = reside • remember = recall • attract ↔ repel • happen = occur • get = gain • characteristics = properties • think about = consider • stinking, unpleasant = foul • Happen = take place • spring up, jump up = bounce • different = diverse

  13. Covalent bonds • Explain what a covalent bond is. • What is a covalent bond compared to? • What is the shared electron compared to? • Which molecules were mentioned as examples of: a) a single covalent bond b) a double covalent bond c) a triple covalent bond • How can you predict if the bonds are covalent or not?

  14. Read the text and find the words which have the same meaning as the following words. • breathe out = e______ • separate, distinct = d_______ • give = d_________ • part = p________ • element = c_________ • guess = p_________ • join together = s_______ t______

  15. Read the text and find the words which have the same/opposite meaning as the following words. • breathe out = exhale • separate, distinct = discrete • give = donate • part = portion • element = component • guess = predict • join = stick together

  16. Ionic bondsKey words • get over = preboleti, pomiriti se sa necim • saltshaker = slanik • strip = skinuti, uzeti • charge = naelektrisanje • Opposites attract. = Suprotnosti se privlace. • lose = izgubiti • loss = gubitak • unlike = za razliku od • exist = postojati • solid = cvrsta supstanca

  17. Read the text carefully and answer the following questions. • Which example of ionic bond is given in the text? • What holds two oppositely charged atoms together? • What’s the difference between sodium chloride and barium chloride? • What kinds of elements usually form ionic bonds? • What other examples of ionic bonds are mentioned?

  18. Polar Covalent BondsKey Words • playground = igraliste • preschoolers = predskolac • on average = u proseku • determine = odrediti • measure = meriti • draw = vući • corresponding = koji odgovara • value = vrednost • devise = smisliti, napraviti • increase = povecati se • toddler= dete koje tek uci da hoda • tug = vući

  19. Choose the word which best completes the sentence. 1. This means that sometimes in a covalent bond the electrons are not _____equally between the two atoms. • sharing • shared • share 2. Electronegativity is a _______ of an atom's ability to draw its bonding electrons to itself. • measure • determine • calculate 3. Electronegativity ________ from left to right going across a period. • decreases • bigger • increases

  20. Progress test questions A 1. Atoms are the building blocks of all substances. But what is it that keeps atoms connected together? They are held together by _____________ (CHEMISTRY) BONDS, strong ______________ (attract) forces between atoms. 2. An IONIC BOND occurs when one atom gains a valence electron from a ______________ (difference) atom, forming a negative ion (ANION) and a positive ion (CATION), respectively. B 1. A molecule that has oppositely charged ends is called a P _ _ _ _ MOLECULE. 2. In the formula H2O, the number 2 is a S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

  21. A • Atoms are the building blocks of all substances. But what is it that keeps atoms connected together? They are held together by CHEMICALBONDS, strong attractive forces between atoms. • An IONIC BOND occurs when one atom gains a valence electron from a different atom, forming a negative ion (ANION) and a positive ion (CATION), respectively. B 1. A molecule that has oppositely charged ends is called a POLAR MOLECULE. 2. In the formula H2O, the number 2 is a SUBSCRIPT.

  22. component exist form share made up Oxygen does not _________ as a single oxygen atom, but as a molecule of two oxygen atoms. These two oxygen atoms _________ two pairs of valence electrons (four valence electrons total) between them, forming a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. This is true of any double covalent bond; four valence electrons are shared between two atoms. Another _________ of air is nitrogen. Like oxygen, nitrogen does not exist as a single nitrogen atom, but as a molecule ___________of two nitrogen atoms. The two nitrogen atoms in a molecule of nitrogen share three pairs of valence electrons (six valence electrons total) to _________a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND.

  23. Oxygen does not exist as a single oxygen atom, but as a molecule of two oxygen atoms. These two oxygen atoms share two pairs of valence electrons (four valence electrons total) between them, forming a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. This is true of any double covalent bond; four valence electrons are shared between two atoms. Another component of air is nitrogen. Like oxygen, nitrogen does not exist as a single nitrogen atom, but as a molecule made up of two nitrogen atoms. The two nitrogen atoms in a molecule of nitrogen share three pairs of valence electrons (six valence electrons total) to form a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND.

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