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Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat

Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat. Keith Morris Jeff Fehring Tom White Christie Sauers Dax Matthews Heather Chluda. Overall Project Goals. Establish a Martian Habitat capable of supporting humans. Overall - Level 1 Requirements. Support crew of 6

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Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat

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  1. Requirements for the MOB Mars Habitat Keith Morris Jeff Fehring Tom White Christie Sauers Dax Matthews Heather Chluda

  2. Overall Project Goals • Establish a Martian Habitat capable of supporting humans

  3. Overall - Level 1 Requirements • Support crew of 6 • Support 600 day stay without re-supply • Maintain health and safety • Minimize dependency on Earth

  4. Launch and Deployment Requirements • 80 metric ton launch vehicle • Recommended Total Habitat Mass < 34,000 kg (includes payload) • Deploys 2 years before first crew • Land, deploy, operate, maintain all systems • Setup and check-out before crew arrives • Standby mode for 10 months between crews • Operational lifetime of greater than 15 years

  5. Redundancy Requirements • Mission critical – 2 levels of redundancy • Life critical – 3 levels of redundancy • Auto fault detection and correction • Modular • Easily repairable • Electronic and mechanical equipment • Highly autonomous • Self-maintained or crew maintained • Possibly self-repairing • All systems in Habitat must have low failure rates

  6. Crew Activities on Mars • Gather information about Mars • Ease of learning • System similarity • Common software and hardware • Real time science activity planning • Integrate In-Situ Resource Utilization System

  7. Mission Architecture • Systems Engineering and Integration • Structures • Command, Control, and Communications (CCC) • Power • Environment Control and Life Support • Mission Operations and Human Factors • Robotics and Automation • EVA and Planetary Surface Vehicle Interfaces • Thermal • ISRU and Mars Environment

  8. Organizational Chart

  9. Systems Engineering and Integration Team • Primary: • Juniper Jairala • Tim Lloyd • Tiffany Finley • Support: • Meridee Silbaugh • Jeff Fehring • Tyman Stephens

  10. Systems Engineering and Integration Responsibilities • Establish habitat system requirements • Delegate top-level subsystem requirements • Review and reconcile all subsystem design specifications • Ensure that all habitat subsystem requirements are met • Ensure proper subsystem interfaces

  11. Structures Subsystem Team • Primary: • Jeff Fehring • Eric Schleicher • Support: • Jen Uchida • Sam Baker

  12. Structures Subsystem Responsibilities • Pressurized volume • Incorporate all subsystems • Radiation shielding • Micro-meteoroid shielding • Withstand all loading environments

  13. Structures - Level 2 Requirements • Fit within the dynamic envelope of the launch vehicle • Launch Shroud Diameter = 7.5 m • Length = 27.7 m • Ensure crew health • Structurally sound in all load environments • Acceleration • Vibration • Pressure • Easily repairable • Stably support all other systems • Interface with other systems • Structures Mass < 20744 kg

  14. CCC Subsystem Team • Primary: • Heather Howard • Keric Hill • Support: • Tom White

  15. CCC Subsystem Responsibilities • Monitoring and control of all internal and external habitat subsystems (Mars/Earth). • Communication with Earth - transmit experimental data - monitor habitat and crew health - personal communications - mission-related information exchange • Support crew and science mission

  16. CCC - Level 2 Requirements • Survive transit to Mars • Fit within the transport spacecraft • Support set-up and checkout of surface infrastructure pre-crew • Computer based library: • operational and instruction maintenance • trouble-shooting of systems and hardware failures • Support a "smart" automated habitat • Facilitate Earth-control capability of some subsystems (rovers, etc.)

  17. CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued) • Habitat communication with rovers, telerovers, and EVA crewmembers (from Earth and Mars base) • “Real-time” downlink/uplink to Earth • Transmit crew health data to Earth • Capabilities for publicity, public affairs, documentation, reporting and real-time activity planning • Withstand respective surface and habitat conditions • Be highly autonomous, self or crew maintained and possibly self-maintaining

  18. CCC - Level 2 Requirements (continued) • Auto fault detection for all life/mission critical and mission discretionary elements • Handle communication and data processing load for 6 people for the duration of each 600 day mission • Function autonomously for 10 months • Return to normal function after dormant periods • Mass: 320kg

  19. Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Team • Primary: • Tom White • Jen Uchida • Support: • Nancy Kungsakawin • Eric Dekruif

  20. Power Distribution and Allocation Subsystem Responsibilities • Interface with the nuclear power source and other external equipment • Safely manage and distribute power throughout Martian habitat

  21. Power - Level 2 Requirements • Provide power throughout 15 yr mission lifetime • Provide 3 level redundancy (Life-critical system) • Provide fault protection system, including emergency power cutoff, power dissipation capability • Distribute power with multi-bus system

  22. Power – Level 2 Requirements • Supply power while reactors are being put online • Provide method of power transfer from reactor to habitat • Regulate voltage to levels required by equipment • Provide both mobile and stationary sources of power within the habitat • Store power

  23. Power – Level 2 Requirements • Power interfaces with rovers, EVA equipment, transit vehicle, etc. • Flexible system to allow future expansion or changes • Develop maintenance and safety procedures • Power mass ~ 3250 kg (includes in-transit power)

  24. ECLSS Team(Environmental Control & Life Support Subsystem) • Primary • Teresa Ellis • Nancy Kungsakawin • Christie Sauers • Meridee Silbaugh • Support • Bronson Duenas • Juniper Jairala

  25. ECLSS Responsibilities • Provide a physiologically and psychologically acceptable environment for humans to survive and maintain health • Provide and manage the following: • Environmental conditions • Food • Water • Waste • Provide medical services and supplies • Supply crew accommodations that encourage a successful mission

  26. ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements • Supply crew with food for 600-day stay on Mars • Provide adequate Atmosphere Monitoring and Control, including: • Trace Contaminant Control • CO2 Removal and Reduction • Temperature and Humidity Control • Ventilation • Must have necessary Gas Storage • Fire Detection and Suppression • Provide adequate supplies of hygiene and potable water

  27. ECLSS - Level 2 Requirements continued… • Collect and store liquid, solid, and concentrated wastes for immediate and/or delayed resource recovery • Provide adequate crew accommodations • Provide crew psychological support • Perform routine and emergency medical services • Provide crew health Monitoring • Adequate crew protection from harmful radiation • Mass must not exceed 4661 kg

  28. Mission Operations Team • Primary: • Tyman Stephens • Support: • Tim Lloyd • Christie Sauers

  29. Mission Operations Responsibilities • Identify, coordinate, and schedule crew operations • Create and modify the ops schedule • Establish clear hardware operational requirements and facilitate changes • Identify and deliver relevant system status data • Develop procedures for failure scenarios • Respond to unexpected off-nominal conditions • Support the mission objectives through crew activities

  30. Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements • Surface infrastructure must be setup and checked out before the crew arrives • Habitat deployed 2 years before first crew • Habitat must accommodate 10 month standby • Crew functions must be autonomous from Earth support • Habitat maintenance must be planned to achieve a 15+ year lifetime

  31. Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued… • Schedule and facilities must support: • Mineralogical and chemical analyses of rocks, soil, and atmospheric samples • Psychological support for crew and Earth team • Science activity planning time • Operation of telerobotic rovers • 2-person EVAs for 8 hrs/wk • Crew health monitoring • Programmatic activities

  32. Mission Ops - Level 2 Requirements continued… • Real time downlink/uplink to Earth when communication allows • Support communication between Earth, Mars, and the Martian rovers • Highly reliable, autonomous, and robust subsystems • Habitat must be a “smart" habitat incorporating automation • Earth-controlled capability for some systems (rovers, etc) • Procedures for landing, deployment, operation, and maintenance of surface systems

  33. Automation and Robotic Interfaces Subsystem Team • Primary • Eric DeKruif • Support • Eric Schliecher • Dax Matthews

  34. Robotics & Automation Subsystem Responsibilities • Determine which habitat functions are to be automated and design all automated systems • Design interfaces with robotics to deploy habitat infrastructure and support habitat operations

  35. Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements • Deploy Infrastructure • Provide for construction and assembly of site and structures • Provide for infrastructure inspection and maintenance • Deploy scientific instruments used for initial analysis and monitoring of Mars

  36. Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements • Provide method for sample acquisition • Provide for movement of Habitat and other systems • Support payload operations • Support EVA activity

  37. Robotics & Automation – Level 2 Requirements • Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards • Operate through entire mission duration • Self-diagnosis and self-maintenance • Robotics must have a wide range of operations • Meet all size and weight restrictions • Mass for Robotics and Automation is included in Structures and CCC

  38. Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Interfaces Subsystem Team • Primary • Dax Matthews • Bronson Duenas • Support • Teresa Ellis

  39. EVA Interfaces Subsystem Responsibilities • Size and design EVA systems to operate in the Martian environment • Design interfaces between EVA systems and habitat • Responsible for ensuring EVA capability throughout the entire mission

  40. EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements • Habitat must have an airlock • Airlock must be separate entity • EVA systems • Meet all fault tolerances and safety standards • Operate through entire manned portion of mission • Capable of self-diagnosis and self-maintenance • Meet all size and weight restrictions • Airlock • Area for EVA/Rover/Emergency ingress/egress for Habitat • Area for ingress/egress into suit • Dock for pressurized rover

  41. EVA Systems – Level 2 Requirements • Habitat must supply consumables for Airlock/EVA/Rover • Thermal control must be maintained in airlock • Risk of Decompression Sickness (DCS) must be minimized • Airlock structure must be able to withstand Rover/Airlock docking maneuver • Hatches must be easily accessible and easy to use while in suit • EVA system mass must not exceed 1629 kg

  42. Thermal Control Subsystem Team • Primary • Keagan Rowley • Sam Baker • Support • Heather Chluda • Heather Howard • Tiffany Finley

  43. Thermal Control Subsystem Responsibilities • Keep the crew alive • Maintain equipment in working condition over all mission environmental profiles

  44. Thermal Subsystem - Level 2 Requirements • Maintain a shirt sleeve environment for crew of 6 • Sustain equipment temperatures within operating limits • Provide control over all Martian temperature extremes • Design system with 3-levels of redundancy - life critical • Autonomous Thermal system • Operate for entire mission duration - 15+ year lifetime • Thermal System Mass requirement of 550 kg – stated in DRM • Accommodate the transit to Mars • Auto-deploy and activate if the thermal control system is or becomes inactive during transit • Report status for communication to Earth during non-occupied times (for safety concerns)

  45. Mars Environment and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Primary • Heather Chluda Support • Keagan Rowley • Keric Hill

  46. Mars Environment and ISRU Responsibilities • Design interfaces between the habitat and the ISRU plant • Work with the other subsystems to ensure that the habitat will operate successfully for the entire mission duration and under all Martian environmental extremes • Evaluate potential use of any other in-situ resources

  47. Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements • Allow transportation of nitrogen, water and oxygen from Mars resources • Storage tanks, pipes, and other equipment must survive the transit to Mars • No leakage in storage tanks and pipes is allowed • Maintain temperature in storage tanks and piping • Storage interfaces must be compatible with habitat • Interfaces to storage tanks and ISRU tanks must be performed using robots or humans • Byproducts of oxygen, nitrogen and water must be transported from the ISRU plant to the habitat • Pumping systems shall have adequate head to supply the habitat • Shielding from the Mars environment is necessary for piping and storage tanks • Emergency cut-off capabilities between the ISRU plant and the habitat • In case of leakage, rupture, etc.

  48. Mars Environment and ISRU - Level 2 Requirements • The habitat and all equipment must withstand these characteristics of the Mars environment • Martian atmospheric conditions • Dust accumulation for all surfaces and moving parts • Micrometeoroid impacts • Seismic activity ranges on Mars • Solar radiation accumulation and extreme events • Thermal environment must be taken into account due to the orbital characteristics of Mars • Gravitational environment must be taken into account for proper and effective equipment performance • Maintain stability on Martian soil - suitable surface area for the habitat • The habitat must not chemically react with soil • Accommodate for varying topography at a range of landing sites

  49. Current Status • Identified top level requirements • Determined subsystem breakdown • Derived subsystem level 2 requirements

  50. Next Step • Identify Level 3 requirements • Begin search for candidate solutions • Determine basic layout of habitat • Volume allocation and power profile • Reiterate requirements and Mass budget • Begin Interface Reference Document (IRD)

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