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Objectives: TLW…

Summarize Vietnam’s history as a French colony and its struggle for independence. Examine how and why the U.S. became involved in the Vietnam conflict. Describe the expansion of U.S. military involvement under President Johnson. Objectives: TLW…. 1) EXPANDING DEMOCRACY:

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Objectives: TLW…

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  1. Summarize Vietnam’s history as a French colony and its struggle for independence. Examine how and why the U.S. became involved in the Vietnam conflict. Describe the expansion of U.S. military involvement under President Johnson. Objectives: TLW…

  2. 1) EXPANDING DEMOCRACY: America’s mission in Vietnam was to halt the spread of communism-a threat to democracy. 2) CONSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS: Among the constitutional issues of the Vietnam War era were the president’s powers as commander in chief and First Amendment rights. Both the Tonkin Gulf Resolution and the Pentagon Papers sparked controversy. THEMES

  3. 3) CIVIL RIGHTS: Initially, civil rights leaders were reluctant to criticize the Vietnam War, fearing they would jeopardize President Johnson’s support for their cause. When the war threatened Great Society reforms, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights leaders voiced their opposition. THEMES

  4. 4) THE AMERICAN DREAM: In the 1960’s, members of the counterculture rejected the American dream, rebelled against traditional American values, and chose to drop out of mainstream society. THEMES

  5. 5) MEDIA: The media can sway public opinion and dictate events. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW8Z9avPUvE(Mass Media and Vietnam) http://www.cnn.com/2012/11/18/world/meast/gaza-israel-strike/index.html?hpt=hp_t1(current example-Israel vs. Hamas) THEMES

  6. Introduction Video- “Road to War” http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/videos#the-road-to-war

  7. U.S. Foreign Policy/U.S. Civilian Support For The War Open Stat Document Instructions: • Partner up with the person sitting next to you. • On a piece of paper write down… A) What can you infer from the stats on “U.S. Troops in Vietnam”? (5 mins) B) What can you infer from the stats on “U.S. Soldiers Killed”? (5 Mins) C) What can you infer from the stats on “American Opinion On The Vietnam War”? (5 mins) Historical Timeline • 1960: President Kennedy elected . • 1963: President Kennedy assassinated and is replaced by Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson. • 1964: President LBJ elected. • 1968: President Nixon elected. • 1974: President Nixon resigns due to Watergate Scandal. • 1974: Vice-President Ford replaces Nixon.

  8. U.S. Unofficial Involvement in Vietnam • In 1950 President Truman begins to provide economic aide to France in Vietnam to defeat the Vietminh. • $15 million sent in 1950. • Spent $1 Billion between 1951-1954. • Domino Theory=If Vietnam falls to communism then all other Asian countries will also fall. Therefore, the U.S. must take a stand against communism in Vietnam.

  9. THE VIETMINH vs. FRANCE • Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnamese independence from ALL foreign rule. • Ho forms the Vietminh, a military organization, to fight for independence against foreign rule. • Ho vows to liberate South Vietnam from French rule and oppression.

  10. In May of 1954 the French are surrounded and defeated by the Vietminh in the northern city of Dien Bien Phu (French Indo China War). Geneva Accords=1) Peace agreement between the Vietminh and South Vietnam that divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel. 2) France agreed to permanently pull out of Vietnam. 3) Free elections will be held in 1956 to choose a leader for a newly united Vietnam. The French Lose: Surprise, Surprise!

  11. Instructions: Use the words listed below to create a historical story. Keep the words in order as they are listed, the story entirely in your own words, and underline the vocabulary words in your story. When you finish start filling out your study guide (French Indo-China War to U.S. Combat Troops in Vietnam.) or work on another C Level Assignment. 1. France and Vietnam. 2. Ho Chi Minh 3. Vietminh 4. Geneva Accords 5. 17th Parallel 6. Ngo Dinh Diem 7. Eisenhower/Kennedy 8. Vietcong 9.North Vietnamese Army 10. Army of the Republic of Vietnam 11. Assassinations of Diem and Kennedy 12. LBJ 13. Tonkin Gulf Resolution 14. Operation Rolling Thunder 15.U.S. Combat Troops in Vietnam Individual Assignment (pages 730-735)

  12. South Vietnamese Leadership • The U.S. throws its support into Ngo Dinh Diem, an anti-communist. • Just prior to the 1956 unifying elections the U.S. can see that Diem will not win. Ho Chi Minh will win easily. As a result, Diem and the U.S. call off the elections! • Diem proves to be an incompetent and corrupt leader of South Vietnam.

  13. Vietcong and the Ho Chi Minh Trail • In 1957 a communist group was formed in South Vietnam to oppose Diem and the U.S.=Vietcong (VC). • The Vietcong were organized in to cells and waged guerilla (terrorist) type warfare. • In 1959 the VC were successful in assassinating 1,200 of Diem’s government officials.

  14. VIETCONG/HO CHI MINH TRAIL • In 1960 Ho Chi Minh supported the Vietcong and began supplying them weapons and supplies by using paths running through the mountains of Laos and Cambodia. • U.S. is forced to fight 2 enemies: 1) Vietcong=South Vietnamese guerillas (civilians). 2) North Vietnam Army (NVA)=official army of North Vietnam.

  15. When the Vietcong entered a village they were to obey a strict code of behavior. All members were issued with a series of 'directives'. These included:" (1) Not to do what is likely to damage the land and crops or spoil the houses and belongings of the people; (2) Not to insist on buying or borrowing what the people are not willing to sell or lend; (3) Never to break our word; (4) Not to do or speak what is likely to make people believe that we hold them in contempt; (5) To help them in their daily work (harvesting, fetching firewood, carrying water, sewing, etc.)." VIETCONG CODE OF BEHAVIOR

  16. JFK and SOUTH VIETNAM • JFk wins the 1960 election and inherits the Vietnam conflict. • JFK wants to NOT look soft on communism so he sends more economic aid to Diem (“sink or swim with him”) and several thousand military advisors to train the South Vietnamese army. • By 1963, JFK has sent 16,000 military personnel to Vietnam to protect the military advisors. • JFk is seriously considering pulling completely out of Vietnam IF South Vietnam can show they can soundly govern themselves.

  17. Instability of South Vietnamese Gov’t • Diem became very unpopular with the South Vietnamese citizens because…1) Private property was confiscated and villagers were corralled into protected areas. 2) government corruption. 3) Persecution, imprisonment, and killing of Buddhist monks; destruction of Buddhist temples=monks burning selves in streets to protest.

  18. OVERTHROW of DIEM REGIME • In order for the U.S. to stay and help South Vietnam there had to be political order=Diem had to go! • On November 1, 1963 the U.S. organizes a coup to remove Diem from office. In the process Diem is Assassinated. • 2 Weeks later JFK is assassinated and instead of leaving Vietnam the U.S. will get involved deeper.

  19. PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON • President Johnson takes over for JFK and promises to not escalate the war. • In reference to Vietnam he said “It’s their war.” And “I will not send American boys to Vietnam to do what Asian boys should do for themselves.” • But “If I…let the communists take over South Vietnam then…my nation would be seen as an appeaser and we would…find it impossible to accomplish anything… anywhere on the globe.”

  20. LBJ had authorized secret raids to be conducted into North Vietnam. In response to the raids the North Vietnamese twice attack the USS MADDOX in the Gulf of Tonkin on different nights. Torpedoes miss, but according to our government the U.S. navy returns fire and sinks the North Vietnamese boat during the second attack. LBJ gets congress to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution on August 7, 1964=allows the president of the U.S. to take military action against any armed attack without having to officially declare war. TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1n0eVea9Zg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1n0eVea9Zg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UWi57I3vcc&feature=related Tonkin Gulf Incident??

  22. Did the Tonkin Gulf Incident ever occur OR was it faked so that the U.S. had an excuse to go to war?

  23. LBJ orders “Operation Rolling Thunder” in February 1965=bombing of North Vietnam by the Air Force. We dropped more bombs in the first month than we did in all of WWII. (ordered to not bomb any North Vietnamese ports or anywhere near China.) In March the first American combat troops arrived in South Vietnam. By June 50,000 U.S. soldiers were fighting the Vietcong. RESULT OF TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION

  24. Write one thing you learned today. Rate your understanding of today’s topic on a scale of 1-10. What can you do to improve your understanding? Write one thing you didn’t understand today. Write your name. Turn in the Exit Slip to me before you leave today. Exit Slip

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