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Formal Logic

Formal Logic. Deductive and Inductive logic. Deductive Logic. Moves from general to specific General, agreed upon truth + General, agreed upon truth = More specific conclusion combining elements of each truth. Map it out. Example. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man.

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Formal Logic

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  1. Formal Logic Deductive andInductivelogic

  2. Deductive Logic • Moves from general to specific General, agreed upon truth + General, agreed upon truth = More specific conclusion combining elements of each truth

  3. Map it out

  4. Example • All men are mortal. • Socrates is a man. • Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

  5. Syllogism Premise #1 + Premise #2 = Conclusion

  6. Here is a trick to help you remember • All birds have wings. • A duck is a bird. • Therefore, a duck has wings.

  7. Corny memory trick: • Q: Which type of logic uses the syllogism? • Answer: (In Jamaican accent) “De Duck mon!” (Deductive)

  8. Inductive Logic • Moves from specific evidence/data or observations to draw general conclusions:

  9. Map it out

  10. Example of Inductive logic • Every time I rub my dog on its belly, it licks me. • My mom just rubbed it on its belly and it licked her. • My dog does loves to be rubbed on the belly.

  11. Helpful hints • Start with empirical or observable evidence • Put evidence together to work up to a general conclusion

  12. Inductive or Deductive? • In a sample of 500 smokers, 230 were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Smoking causes heart disease. • inductive

  13. Inductive or Deductive? • I wore my lucky sweater and aced the test last month. I forgot to wear my lucky sweater and failed a test last week. I need to wear my lucky sweater for this week’s test. • deductive

  14. Inductive or Deductive? • Marriage must be between a man and a woman. Gay marriage is between two men or two women. Therefore, gay marriage is not marriage. • deductive

  15. Inductive or Deductive? • you note that the probability of becoming schizophrenic is greatly increased if at least one parent is schizophrenic, and from that you conclude that schizophrenia may be inherited • inductive

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