Georgia as a Colony

1. Chapter 5 Section 1 Georgia as a Colony Georgia

2. Vocabulary Chapter 5.1 • James Edward Oglethorpe • Trustee • John and Mary Musgrove • Tomochichi

3. Vocabulary Palisade Scots Highlanders Battle of Bloody Marsh Augusta

4. Vocabulary • Yamacraw Bluff • Treaty of Savannah • John Wesley • George Whitefield

5. Vocabulary • Charter of 1732 • Salzburgers • John Reynolds • Commons House of Assembly

6. Vocabulary • Malcontents • Buffer colony • Royal governor • Henry Ellis

7. Read Silently Pgs 81-86 Creating a Buffer Colony

8. England Experiencing Serious Problems • People were leaving farming, going to cities • Farmers that stayed could not produce enough food for population • Cities were overcrowded • Many people were homeless and without work • People who could not pay their debts (loans) went to prison

9. Meanwhile, in the Colonies… • Charles Town, SC is at risk to attacks by the Spanish in Florida • Land between South Carolina and Florida is “debatable land” • Proposal for a “buffer colony” • Fort King George built in 1721 • James Oglethorpe proposes a new colony

11. James Oglethorpe • British soldier, member of Parliament (the legislative branch of British government) • Argued for prison reform and spoke against slavery • Upset that many people went to prison simply because they were poor • Called the “worthy poor” • Because the worthy poor could not afford to pay their taxes, they often ended up in debtors’ prisons

12. Reasons for the Colony • Charitable – relief for debtors and “worthy poor” • Defensive – protection between Florida and Charles Town • Economic – self-supporting colony {cheap resources} • As an act of charity, the trustees paid for debtors to go to Georgia instead of prison. • It addressed: overcrowding, homelessness & unemployment

13. The Georgia Charter • 1730 Oglethorpe and 20 others became trustees • They drafted a charter Requesting: • “a grant of lands on the southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London” • “all land between the Altamaha and Savannah Rivers …”

14. Trustee Georgia 1730-1761 • Trustee – someone who oversees property on behalf of someone else • King George II signed the charter on June 9, 1732 • The colony was named after King George • Before Georgia became a British colony, there was tension between the British and Spanish over the land.

15. Encouragement Although Parliament gave $,most of the $ came from private sources

16. Rules • Trustees could not own land or hold office in Georgia • Could not make profit • The trustees were not paid • Did not set up any type of local government • Colonists had the same rights as British citizens

17. Rules • Expected to pay for itself by supplying England with goods • Poor people were chosen to benefit from a new start • No rum or hard liquor was allowed • Slavery was banned • Only males heirs could inherit land

18. Sailing in the Ann LISTEN November 17, 1732 115 men, women, and children February 1, 1733 docked at Charles Town list of passengers

19. Write a letter! You are a settler newly arrived at Yamacraw Bluff. Write to someone back home in England about your experience so far.

20. Brainstorm, Rough Draft, Edit • Choose the organizer that will work best for you, and your ideas.

21. Form of a letter HEADING GREETING BODY- IN PARAGRAPHS COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING

22. Oglethorpe had to make friends with the Yamacraw Indians

23. Tomochichi Chief of the Yamacraw Indians February 12, 1733 he allowed the Ann’s passengers to land Yamacraw Bluff is a few miles inland from the mouth of the Savannah River Played an important role in creating peace between the Europeans and Native Americans in Georgia.

24. Tomochichi LISTEN Oglethorpe and Tomochichi became friends In 1734, James Oglethorpe brought Tomochichi and his family to England Tomochichi’s trip proved to be valuable to the Native Americans of Georgia His efforts led to the creation of a school for his tribe

25. Mary Musgrove Operated a trading post in the Yamacraw village Married to John Musgrove She was Oglethorpe’s interpreter Her father was English her mother was Creek

26. James Oglethorpe • Had no title, but was accepted as the leader of the colony • The Trustees desired a classless society a) Identical houses c) how much land could be owned b) Identical lots d) the prohibition of slavery • Worked with Colonel William Bull and surveyor Noble Jones • The design by Robert Castell was used as pattern for this city

27. Treaty of Savannah Oglethorpe met with Creek chiefs After three days of negotiations

28. Planning the City (p 87)

29. Savannah LISTEN The plan for Savannah was to have four squares On the north and south sides had 20 lots On the east and west four larger lots were set aside for churches or stores The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings – called tythings and wards Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot was of equal size

30. Savannah The colonists built a palisade around the settlement and forts for protection The city of Savannah, Georgia, was founded in 1733 It was the thirteenth and last British colony in America

31. Savannah LISTEN • Each settler was expected to care for • His house • His 5 acre garden plot (on the edge of town) • His 45 farm acres in the country • The colonists • cultivated mulberry trees to feed silkworms • They also built a sundial for telling time • A gristmill for grinding corn into meal • A courthouse • A water well • And a bakery

32. Battle of Bloody Marsh • English and Spanish forces fought in St. Simons Island • 650 British, Scot Highlander, and Native Americans VS 2,000 Spanish soldiers • British victory ended the Spanish claim to Georgia

33. Battle of Bloody Marsh site

34. CRCT Book • Read pages 28-34 • Answer questions #57-79 on your own paper • Write the heading and the correct question # and your letter choice of an answer • Example: • An Evaluation of the Trustee Period 78. E 79. F

35. Answers 57. A 66. C 75. B 58. D 67. D 76. D 59. C 68. B 77. B 60. B 69. D 78. A 61. C 70. A 79. C 62. C 71. B 63.A 72. D 64. A 73. B 65. C 74. D

36. Augusta A secure settlement between Charles Town and Savannah North of Savannah In honor of Prince of Wales’ wife

38. The Role Of The… • Salzburgers • Highland Scots • Malcontents • Spanish threat from Florida

39. Scots Highlanders 1736 Oglethorpe recruited 175 Highland Scots Settled on the north bank of Altamaha river Called it New Inverness today is Darien Only Gaelic speaking settlement in Georgia The soil was not good for agriculture They raised cattle and harvested timber

40. Scots Highlanders Black Watch Tartan (plaid fabric) were used by the Scottish troops serving in the British Army. Targes are round shields between 18″ and 21″

41. Darien It is the second oldest planned city in Georgia McIntosh County

42. DARIEN- Scots Highlanders settled here

43. The Salzburgers Group of German Protestants Expelled from Salzburg in 1731 Salzburg is a city in present-day Austria Oglethorpe welcomed them to Georgia The Salzburgers arrived 1734 Established the town of Ebenezer and New Ebenezer

44. The Salzburgers The Salzburgers were successful in • agriculture • raising cattle • lumbering • silk culturing

47. The Salzburgers Built 1735 the first saw mill in Georgia on Ebenezer Creek 1737 first orphanage was built at New Ebenezer 1740 the first rice and grist mill in Georgia 1734 organized the first Sunday School 1741 constructed the first Church

48. The Moravians Protestant group from Bohemia today Czech Republic 1735 Came to Georgia as missionaries Their focus was to convert non-Christians

49. The Moravians Other Protestants did not trust the Moravians They had many new and different ideas One of them: women could preach and hold religious offices. Ultimately they were unsuccessful and eventually dissolved

50. Discontent • 1736 Oglethorpe introduces new rules • Upset about the land ownership restrictions • Restrictions on the use of slavery • Afraid it would make landowners idle/want more land • The prohibition of rum/alcohol • It could not be traded with Native Americans-$$$$$$$$ lost