APPLICATION ORIENTED SETS OF EQUIPMENT

1. EPTAB meeting – CERN, 8 May 2003 L. Musa APPLICATION ORIENTED SETS OF EQUIPMENT

2. Outline • A functional view of the detector readout electronics • Which functional blocks should/could be at the EPOOL • Survey of the functional requirements and needs for ALICE

3. Detector Computer interface Pulse Shaper Computer ADC Memory Amplifier CUSTOM MODULES TDC Discr. High- Bandwidth (> a few 100MHz) STANDARD MODULES AND CUSTOM MODULES • Creation of a database of the • existing circuits: • Circuit specifications • Availability • Contact person • etc. Trigger Logic A functional view of the readout electronics Specificity increases  EPOOL Role decreases

4. Survey of the ALICE requirement • Survey of the ALICE experiment • Detector functions and technologies • Electronics Requirements • Requirements and needs during R&D and commissioning • Adopted Solutions • Items rented at the EPOOL • Missing items at the EPOOL

5. Survey of the ALICE requirement Surveyed detectors ALICE example Detectors Technology Function Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD)Silicon Pixel vertex, PID and Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)Silicon Drift tracking (low p), Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) Silicon Strip trigger Time Projection Chamber (TPC) DRIFT + MWPC tracking, PID Transition Radiation Detector (TRD)RAD. + MWPC PID (e) , trigger Time Of Flight (TOF) MRPC PID High Mom. Particle Ident. (HMPID) RHICH (CsI photocathodes) PID PHOton Spectrometer (PHOS) PbWO4 (APD) PID, trigger Muon Spectrometer (mARM) CSC (Cathode Strip Chamb.) PID (m), trigger Forward Detectors (FMD, V0, T0) Silicon Trigger

6. Noise < 103 e < 1mV Q Q/Cf Survey of the ALICE requirement PRE-AMPLIFIER PULSE SHAPER: MAIN FEATURES Cf // Rf (RC)n Q + CfRf OPA OPA OPA - CSA OA SHA • Amplifier • Architecture: CSA (With continuous discharge) • Sensitivity: 1 – 20 mV/fC • Time Constant ~ 10 ms • ENC: < 500 – 1000 e • Dynamics: 102 – 104 • Feedback capacitance ~pF • Output impedance 50 – 100 Ohm (if standalone)

7. Survey of the ALICE requirement • Pulse Shaper • Architecture: CR (RC)n • FWHM: 25ns – 2ms • Output stage: single ended, differential • Output impedance: 50 – 100 Ohm • A /D Converter • Dynamics: 8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit • Sampling Rate: 5 MSPS – 40 MSPS • Conversion Gain: 1 – 4 mV / ADC count • Memory • I/O Type: Circular Buffer, Random Access, FIFO • Capacity: 32-bit, 40-bit  1K-8K

8. Commercial Modules - From R&D to Commissioning AMPLIFIERS and SHAPING AMPLIFIERS • Very limited use of commercial modules and almost solely in the R&D phase • Examples • 4/8 Channel Fast Amplifier (CAEN V974/V975) VME • adjustable / fixed gain (x10) • input bandwidth 150MHz / 250 MHz • ±2V output dynamics • Cascade-able channels • 8 Channel Fast Amplifier (CAEN N412) NIM • fixed gain (x10) • input bandwidth 180MHz • +400/-4V output dynamics • Cascade-able channels

9. Commercial Modules - From R&D to Commissioning AMPLIFIERS and SHAPING AMPLIFIERS • 16 Channel Programmable Spectroscopy Amplifier (CAEN N568B/ N568LC) NIM • programmable shaping time, gain, output polarity, PZ • gain: 0.15 480 • shaping time: 0.2 6 ms • noise: 15mV RMS (@gain 100) • output with further amplification (x10) • fast output (25ns rise time for timing applications) • Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CAEN A422 – A422A) Standalone • positive and negative inputs • decay time 220ms • Fast output (15ns rise time) for timing applications • Conversion gain: 5, 30 or 60mV/MeV) • 10-MHz Differential Amplifier (LeCroy DA1822A and DA1820A) Standalone • signal conditioning preamplifier for oscilloscopes and network and spectrum analyzers • gain: 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 • shaping time: 0.2 6 ms • Risetime: (x1 or x10 gain) <35 ns

10. Commercial Modules - From R&D to Commissioning Analogue to Digital Converters • Largely used for: • readout of small-size detector prototypes • laboratory test systems • test beam • mass production tests • Some NIM and VME examples(featured by different manufacturers): • Charge ADCs (4/8 channels, 12-bit resolution, 5100ms conversion time) • Peak Sensing ADCs (4 channels, 12-bit dynamics, ~1ms conversion time) • Flash/Pipelined ADCs (4 channels, 12-bit, 40MHz) Cover the needs of nearly all ALICE projects

11. Commercial Modules - From R&D to Commissioning Time to Digital Converters • Three different solutions adopted: 50100ps resolution (T0 detector, Time of Flight) • Time measurement based on a custom IC developed by EP/MIC in R&D of both projects CAEN TDC modules (e.g. V890) were used  ns resolution (PHOS) • Continuous Sampling @ 40 MHz (8-bit and 10-bit) • Discriminator + TAC + slow (<1MHz) ADC B. and C. cover by Flash/Pipelined 40MHz 12-bit ADC

12. Commercial Modules - From R&D to Commissioning Miscellaneous functions • Constant Fraction Discriminators • Meantimer • Scalers • Delay Unit • Fan In / Fan Out • NIM-ECL/ECL-NIM Translators • Pattern Unit • Dual Timer • Gate Generator • Programmable Logic Unit • Programmable I/O Registers • Coincidence Unit NIM modules are predominant in the present systems. However, all users expressed strong preference for VME modules!

13. Commercial Modules - From R&D to Commissioning VME Modules • VME SBC (Linux)) (Local Trigger Crate) • MXI Controller (largely used in many test setups) • CORBO (largely used in many test setups) • LVDS differnetial I/O register PCI • PCI/PCI66/PCI-X bus analyzer/generator (DAQ, Trigger, HLT, TPC) • I2C Master Power Supplies • Low Voltage (WIENER PL500) (TPC, TRD, TOF, PIXEL are interested in short term loans) • HIGH VOLTAGE (ISEG) (TPC,TRD,TOF are interested in short term loans)

14. High request Test and Measurement Instrumentation • High-bandwidth Digital Scopes • High-speed Logic State Analyzer • Jitter Timing Analyzer (e.g. TDS820, J-260) • Optical Time Domain Reflectometer • Optical Power Meter • USB Analyzer • Stepping Motor Controller (National Instruments)