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Immune Response

This overview delves into immunology, focusing on the immune response mechanisms that protect the host from foreign organisms. It introduces critical components like antigens and antibodies and elaborates on the role of leukocytes (white blood cells), which constitute less than 1% of blood volume but are essential in fighting infections. The five major types of leukocytes—neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes—are discussed, highlighting their functions in protecting the body against microorganisms, toxins, and tumor cells.

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Immune Response

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  1. Immune Response

  2. Vocabulary Immunology- the study of host defense mechanisms Immunity- ability of the host to protect itself against foreign organisms. Resistance to disease. Antigen (Ag)- is a foreign substance that can elicit specific immune response (IR) when is immunogenic Antibody (Ab)- protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances called antigens White blood cells (leukocytes)- chief function is to protect the body against microorganisms causing disease and fight infection when it occurs. They are bigger than red blood cells.

  3. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells (WBC)) • Protect the body against microorganisms, toxins, & tumor cells. • remove dead cells & debris from body • Complete cells with all organelles • Stained & further identified by • size • shape of the nucleus • presence/absence of granules • colors taken up by their granules

  4. Normal Blood Smear • WBCs account for less than 1% of blood’s volume

  5. White Blood Cells (WBC) • 5 Major types of WBC • Neutrophils • Eosonophils • Basophils • Lymphocytes (T and B Cells) • Monocytes • Divided into two categories • Granuolocytes and Agranuolocytes

  6. Granuolocytes • Neutrophils • are the most common WBC in peripheral blood. • Circulate in blood 7-10 hrs before migrating into tissue • Live only a few days (1-2 in tissue) • “front line of innate defense” • 1st WBCs to show up at an infection site • Increase in # used as an indicator of infection • Extravasate in inflammation rxn • Active phagocytes • Fungi

  7. Granuolocytes • Eosonophils • Defend the body in parasitic infections • Tapeworms, hookworms, pinworms • Function in phagocytosis • Account for less than 5% of WBC • Involved in allergies • Reduce or control inflammatory response by destroying histamine • Red bi-lobed nucleus with red granules

  8. Granuolocytes • Basophils • Least common WBC in blood • Non phagocytic • Function as “sirens” for inflammation and allergy • Produce histamine (a vasodilator) and heparin • Large, histamine containing granules that stain dark purple to blue

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