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Abstract

Abstract.

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Abstract

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  1. Abstract Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging technology, which promises to advance the modern industrial practices in object identification and tracking, asset management and inventory control. This technology is being evaluated and implemented successfully in many manufacturing and distribution environments, retail stores and defense installations. The scope of RFID is rapidly shifting from tracking objects (present or absent) to monitoring the condition (where and how) of engineering systems. The integration of sensors with RF tags (Smart Sensors) enables RFID technology to gather and process sensor data in addition to identifying and tracking the object. The deeper ramification of such RFID systems for monitoring manufacturing systems remains largely unexplored and untapped. The focus of the presentation will be to present the results of our in-depth review of the current and emerging technologies and applications based on RFID and Smart sensors for depot support and logistics environments and for machine condition monitoring.

  2. Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) • Radio-Frequency identification (RFID) is generic term for technologies which use RF waves to identify, track or categorize any object • RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader and the tagged object

  3. RFID System Components • Tags (Transponders) Attached to the object to be identified, stores information (unique code) about object and sends this information back to reader when receives appropriate frequency signals • Reader/Interrogator Reader sends signals of appropriate frequency and facilitates data transfer • Antenna Antenna radiates the RF signal to, and receives signal from the transponder • Interface Thisunit interfaces the reader to an intelligent device / controller • Host/Controller (PC/Laptop) Computer with suitable software controls RFID readers

  4. How system works? • Controller activates RFID reader to send RF signals • Reader sends the signal of appropriate frequency (LF,HF,UHF,MW) • Tag receives and modifies the signal • Tag sends modified signals back through tag antenna • Reader antenna receives the modified signal and reader decodes it • Controller analyzes the results

  5. RFID and Smart Sensors • Sensors can be integrated with RF tags (Smart Sensors) and sensor data can be communicated using RF waves • This enables RFID systems to gather and process sensor data in addition to identifying and tracking object • Applications: Machine Health Monitoring, Fluid Composition Detection.

  6. Vehicle Inspection Material request sent to the warehouse and material retrieved as per history sheet Applications in Depot Support Environment Warehouse Vehicle history sheet retrieved Vehicle brought to maintenance shop Vehicle tag detected by readers mounted in the gates Benefits Automatic Operation ERP System Shop Time Management Quality Management Appropriate technician informed as per schedule via mobile communication Vehicle sent to appropriate machines and database updated after each operation Operation Sequencing and Scheduling done as per availability of machines Poka - Yoke Material Management

  7. Applications in Logistics Warehouse Supplier Site Transit Parts recognized and database updated at warehouse gate Mode of transit tracked at every designated halt by Through satellite communication Parts properly tagged at supplier site and inventory database updated Benefits Real Time Inventory Tracking Parts grouped and stored in the ASRS Eliminating Inventory Shrinkage Request sent to ASRS Cycle time Reduction Readers mounted on forklift trace and track the parts out of the warehouse to appropriate shop Information Visibility ERP System Delay Reduction

  8. Lubrication & Coolant Applications in Monitoring Health of Machines DEPARTMENT OF MACHINE MAINTENANCE Tool Engineering Metrology Tribology The database sorts data & sends to appropriate department Benefits MACHINE CONDITION MONITORING DATABASE Reduction in response time Lubricant level Table alignment Tool wear Bearing condition Quality management Reduction of scrap Predictive maintenance RFID based Smart Sensors send critical information about machine parameters to the central database

  9. Tag Selection Guide Factors affecting Tag Selection TAG / TRANSPONDER Application Read Range Form Factor Standard Compliance What is application? Short Range Long Range ISO/IEC EPC Gen 1, 2 Functionality Environmental Conditions FrequencyRange Passive Active Semi Passive RF friendly Vicinity of Metals & Liquids LF 125,134 KHz HF 13.56 MHz UHF 902-928 MHz Microwave 2.45 GHz

  10. Reader Selection Guide Factors affecting Reader Selection Reader/Interrogator Application Read Range Form Factor Standard Compliance What is application? Short Range Long Range ISO/IEC EPC Gen 1, 2 Functionality Environmental Conditions FrequencyRange Passive Active Semi Passive RF friendly Vicinity of Metals & Liquids LF 125,134 KHz HF 13.56 MHz UHF 902-928 MHz Microwave 2.45 GHz

  11. Short Range Applications Long Range Applications 125-134 KHz 13.56 MHz 902-928 MHz 2.45 GHz Coupling, field & applications based on frequency Powered by EM field Powered by Radio-waves Coupling, Field & Application Near Field Communication Far Field Communication Induction Coupling Propagation or Backscatter Coupling LF HF UHF Micro-Wave

  12. Region 3 2.4 – 2.48 GHz Japan 950-956 MHz 13.56 MHz 125 – 134 KHz Region 2 2.4 – 2.48 GHz US & Canada, Pacific East of international date line 902-928 MHz Geographical Regions 13.56 MHz 125 – 134 KHz 2.4 – 2.48 GHz Region 1 868-870 MHz Europe, Middle East, Africa, Former Soviet Union 13.56 MHz 125 – 134 KHz LF HF UHF Micro-Wave Frequency Allocation as per region

  13. Air Interface Protocols standards over frequency range EPC Gen 1, Gen 2 EPC Gen 1 Air Interface Protocol ISO/IEC 18000-2 ISO/IEC 18000-3 ISO/IEC 18000-6 ISO/IEC 18000-4 Micro-wave LF HF UHF 125-134 KHz 13.56 MHz 902-928 MHz 2.45 GHz

  14. Max. Possible Read Range based on frequency range

  15. Micro-Wave 2.45 GHz UHF 902-928 MHz HF 13.56 MHz LF 125-134 KHz Typical applications based on frequency range Long Range Applications Applications requiring large data transfer Automatic Toll Collection Systems Supply Chain Applications Long Range Systems: Range>1m Dock Door Reading Asset management in Warehouse Overhead reading Smart Shelves Baggage Tracking Short Range Systems: up to 1 m Applications in vicinity of metals and liquids Frequency Range Animal Identification Item Level Tracking – Baggage handling Smart Shelves Short Range Systems Electronic Door Locking System Contact less Smart Card System POS applications Typical Applications

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