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Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910)

Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910). Era of Immigration. Immigration means moving into one country from another Immigration has occurred throughout the history of America Great “era of immigration” lasted roughly from 1820–1930. U.S. Immigration, 1820 –1930.

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Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910)

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  1. Chapter 7:Immigration and Urbanization(1890-1910)

  2. Era of Immigration • Immigration means moving into one country from another • Immigration has occurred throughout the history of America • Great “era of immigration” lasted roughly from 1820–1930 U.S. Immigration, 1820–1930

  3. I. Europeans Flood into US • A. Jobs • 1. No class system B. Avoid military service C. Few immigration restrictions • D. Religious Persecution • 1. Jews • E. Atlantic Voyage • 1. Basic/cheap

  4. F. Ethnic Cities • 1. neighborhoods

  5. II. Asian Immigration to America • A. Rebellion; overcrowding • B. Jobs: RR/Gold • C. Japanese upheaval Angel Island, San Francisco

  6. III. Old vs. New Immigrants

  7. IV. Resurgence of Nativism • A. Favoritism toward native-born Americans • B. “Right” immigrants OK • 1. Brit, German, N. Europe • C. Extreme Dislike aimed at: • 1. Jew/Catholic • A. Would take over gov’t • 2. Russian/Asian/Latin • A. Union opposed • B. Steal jobs

  8. B. Impact • 1. Immigration laws • a. ban convicts, poor & mentally disabled • 2. Chinese Exclusion Act: • B. Repealed In 1943 • 3. Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan

  9. SECTION 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • What were 3 push factors for immigration? • What were 3 pull factors for immigration? • How were the experiences of European immigrants better than those of Asians? Don’t just talk about Ellis and Angel island. Describe in 1 paragraph. • EXPLAIN the reasons for nativist feelings.

  10. Section 2: Urbanization Rise of Cities

  11. I. Americans migrate to the cities • A. 30 million by 1900 • 1. 131 cities in 1840; 1,700 by 1900 • 2. Factory jobs • 3. Rural to cities • A. jobs • B. excitement 4. immigrants

  12. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

  13. II. The New Urban Environment • A. Skyscrapers • 1. Reasons:

  14. Home Insurance Building, Chicago. 10 stories high. World’s first skyscraper (1885)

  15. B. Mass Transit • 1. off-road • a. Elevated • b. subway

  16. III. Urban Problems • A. Threats • 1. Alcohol • 2. Disease • 3. Crime/violence • 4. Fire • 5. Pollution

  17. “Dumbell “ Tenement

  18. IV. Americanization Movement • Assimilate immigrants to America • Schools • Literacy, history, government • Cooking, social etiquette • Largely failed

  19. V. Urban Reformers • Social Gospel Movement • Settlement Houses • Help immigrants especially • Workers: middle class, college-ed women • Hull House • Jane Addams • Chicago

  20. SECTION 2 Essential Questions 1. Explain two reasons why people started to move to the cities in the late 1800s. Explain DOES NOT mean just list. 2. Explainwhy people started building skyscrapers. 3. For what reason did mass transit system have to exist?

  21. Section 3: Urban Politics

  22. I. Political Machine and Party Boss • A. Purpose • 1. Gain/keep power • 2. Pyramid of Power • 3. Help out the poor B. Party Boss 1. Usually not “politician” 2. More behind-the-scenes 3. More powerful than any politician

  23. C. Urban immigration • 1. took care of needs • 2. votes in exchange • D. Graft & Fraud • 1. graft: Using political influence for personal gain • A. example: kickbacks • 2. Fraud: fixing elections  fake names, dead pple

  24. II. Tammany Hall • Most famous political machine 1. 1869-1960s 2. NYC Democrats • Led by “Boss” Tweed in the early days

  25. III. Reforming National Politics • Civil Service: jobs in gov’t administration • Patronage (spoils system): reward supporters with civil service jobs 1. Stalwarts: supporters of patronage system

  26. IV. Pendleton Civil Service Act A. Merit-based hiring 1. exam score B. Pros: more honest gov’t, less favoritism C. Cons: Where will campaign $$ come from?

  27. V. Gov’t and Big Biz marriage • Tariffs: taxes on imported goods • Biz wants higher tariffs. WHY? • Drawback? • Raised and lowered throughout 1890s • Showed which party more closely tied with biz (republicans)

  28. Section 3 Essential Questions • Why did immigrants support political machines? • How did patronage contribute to government incompetence? • What were the positive and negative effects of the Pendleton Act?

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