SCI 论文的写作与发表

1. SCI论文的写作与发表 郑铭豪 理学/医学双博士 ,皇家病理学院士 西澳大学骨科研究中心教授兼负责人

2. 科学引文索引 Science Citation Index (SCI) • 1960. Eugene Garfield建立美国科技信息所（ISI） • 1992ISI并入汤姆森科技与医疗保健信息集团，改名为Thomson ISI， 即现在的 Thomson Scientific. • 学科领域与个人的科研质量

3. 科学引文索引Science Citation Index (SCI) • ISI 提供文献数据库服务. • 印刷型文献索引：科学引文索引 (SCI), 和社会科学引文索引 (SSCI). • ISI 保存有超过14,000篇文章的目录，包括超过1100 篇艺术和文学论文以及科学论文。 • SCI是论文质量与其影响的重要指导 • 文章影响因子在判定科研成果大小方面有重要作用，但也存在一定争议 • ISI同时每年也出版期刊引用报告（JCR），列出每篇文章的影响因子及其范围。

4. 影响因子 • 影响因子是指某一期刊的文章在特定年份或时期（2-3年）被引用的频率，是衡量学术期刊影响力的一个重要指标. • 一定时期（一般为2年）内某种学术刊物所载论文被引用次数与该刊物所载论文数的一个比例

6. 影响因子的影响因素 • 社会因素. • 期刊的涉及领域 • 文章的类型（通信 论著 综述） • 平均每篇论文中作者数（与主题领域有关） • 统计因素 • 期刊的规模 • 引用测量窗的大小

9. 对影响因子的认识 • 学科领域 • 期刊的类型和规模. • 从影响因子的变化反映出该期刊在相应学科的影响力是上升还是下降 • 期刊质量的指标

10. Journal TitleImpact Factor (2006 EXAMPLE) CELL 32.44 NAT MED 27.91 J EXP MED 15.24 Annals Internal Med. 14.94 J CLIN INVEST 12.00 Mol. Cell. Bio. 10.25 J Biol. Chem. 7.2 Am J Transpl. 6.843 Am. J. Path. 6.5 J. Bone Miner. Res 5.88 Osteoarthritis Cartilage 4.5 BBRC 4

11. SCI - 个人的科研成就 • 在SCI发表的论著的总数 (Np):96/129/97zheng/Dean/Marshall • 累积引用数 (Nc):1245/2247/4100 • 平均每篇文章的引用数 (Nc/Np):12.96/17.42/42 • Maximum number of papers h by a scientist where each paper has received h or more citation (H-index):16/26/14 Free web site: http://www.scopus.com/register Kinney PNAS 23:17943, 2007 Hirsch PNAS 104:199193, 2007 Kelly &Jennions Nature 449:403, 2007

12. 如何写作SCI文章 ---写一个新的故事 • 故事的结构(科学故事) • 评论的对象(该领域的专家)

13. 科学文章的结构 • 题目和作者 • 摘要 • 介绍 • 材料和方法 • 结果 • 讨论和结论 • 感谢 • 参考文献 • 图表 • 追加补充

14. 题目页 文章题目，必须包括研究设计 例: A Vs B 在疾病C中的治疗: 随机对照试验 X 在疾病Y中的危险因素:病例对照研究 • 所有作者的全名, 单位地址, 邮箱地址必须列在题目页面。通讯作者也要列出。

15. 文章题目 • 题目长度 • 表明研究的重点 • 避免不必要的文字 • Studies on • Observation on • X cases analysis 例 • 太长 • On the addition to the method of microscopic research by a new way of producing colour-constant between an objective and its background or between definite parts of the objective itself • 太短 • Hip lift J. Rheinberg, J. R. Microsc. Soc., 373-379,1896 K. J. Salisbury et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 26(2), 126-129, 2002

16. 题目 • 简单直接的题目 • Rab 3D regulates a Novel vesicular trafficking pathway that is required for osteoclastic Bone resorption. Mol Cell Bio. 25:5253 Pavlos et al • Two-part title (简题) • The osteoclast- Not always Guilty. Cell Metabolism 6:157. Mundy GR et al

17. 摘要的结构 • Each Section Starting a New Line or Summary • 背景 • 目的与假设 • 材料和方法 • 结果 • 结论 • 临床相关 • 关键字 -无讨论

18. 摘要(<250 字 ) • 在不同期刊杂志对摘要的要求 • New England Journal of Medicine • 背景, 方法, 结果, 结论 • American Journal of Pathology • Nature cell biology

19. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Dec;15(12):1388-96. Laser scanning confocal arthroscopy of a fresh cadaveric knee joint.Jones CW, Smolinski D, Willers C, Yates PJ, Keogh A, Fick D, Kirk TB, Zheng MH. • OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) inflicts an enormous burden upon sufferers and healthcare systems worldwide. Continuing efforts to elucidate the aetiology of OA have indicated the need for non-destructive methods of in vivo microstructural assessment of articular cartilage (AC). In this study, we describe the first use of a recently developed laser scanning confocal arthroscope (LSCA) to image the cartilage of a fresh frozen cadaveric knee from a patient with OA. • DESIGN: Using an adaptation of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) joint mapping protocol, the joint was divided into three discrete regions (femoral condyle, patella and tibial plateau) for grading according to the ICRS (Outerbridge) system. The LSCA was used to generate images from each area within the three regions. Following imaging, the joint was sectioned and histology was performed on the corresponding sites with histological grading (modified-Mankin). • RESULTS: Quantitative results of ICRS, LSCA and histological OA assessment were compared using intraclass correlation (ICC) and Pearson correlation analysis. The LSCA enabled visualisation of chondrocyte morphology and cell density, with classical OA changes such as chondrocyte clustering, surface fibrillation and fissure formation evident. Obvious qualitative similarities between LSCA images and histology were observed, with fair to moderate agreement (P<0.05) demonstrated between modalities. • CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have shown the viability of the LSCA for non-destructive imaging of the microstructure of OA knee cartilage. LSCA technology is potentially a valuable research and clinical tool for the non-destructive assessment of AC microstructure in early to late OA.

20. AbstractJ Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 28 [Epub ahead of print] Links]Feng H, Cheng T, Pavlos NJ, Yip KH, Carrello A, Seeber R, Eidne K, Zheng MH, Xu J. Title: Cytoplasmic terminus of a vacuolar type proton pump accessory subunit Ac45 is required for proper interaction with V0 domain subunits and efficient osteoclastic bone resorption. Abstract: Solubilization of mineralized bone by osteoclasts is largely dependent on the acidification of the extracellular resorption lacuna driven by vacuolar type proton pump polarized within the ruffled border membranes. It consists of two functionally and structurally distinct domains, V1 and V0. The peripheral cytoplasmically oriented V1 domain drives ATP hydrolysis which necessitates the translocation of protons across the integral membrane bound V0 domain. Here, we demonstrate that an accessory subunit, Ac45, interacts with the V0 domain and contributes to the vacuolar type proton pump-mediated function in osteoclasts. Consistent with its role in intracellular acidification, Ac45 was found to be localized to the ruffled border region of polarized resorbing osteoclasts and enriched in pH-dependent endosomal compartments which polarized to the ruffled border region of actively resorbing osteoclasts. Interestingly, truncation of the 26aa-residue cytoplasmic tail of Ac45 which encodes an autonomous internalization signal was found to impair bone resorption in vitro. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that although both wild type Ac45 and mutant were capable of associating with subunits a3, c, c", and d, deletion of the cytoplasmic tail altered its binding proximity with a3, c" and d. In all, our data suggest that the cytoplasmic terminus of Ac45 contains elements necessary for its proper interaction with V0 domain and efficient osteoclastic bone resorption.

21. 摘要 • 常见的问题 • 背景、方法的信息太多 • 图形或影像 • 对其他文献,图形和影像的参考文献 • 缩写或首字母缩略词

22. 介绍 • 大量相关主题的信息 • 先前的研究 • 精简的背景知识信息 • 研究的需要 • 动机 • 文章的要旨 • 假设与目的 • 所研究问题的总结 (卖点)

23. 介绍 • 常见问题 • 信息太多或太少 • 目的不明确 • 结构混乱

24. 材料和方法 • 指导如何重复实验 • 实验对象 • 伦理委员会批准 • 样本制备技术 • 样本来源 • 原始部位描述 • 数据收集方法 • 数据分析技术 • 任何使用的计算机程序 • 装置器材的描述和使用 • 统计分析

25. 材料和方法 • 常见问题 • 信息太少 • 报道实验结果或误差原因 • 无实验简图

26. 实验结果 • 简单明了: 按逻辑顺序叙述实验数据，展示如何从你的发现来达到实验目标 • 数据一定要有意义(合理地给出例证，与其他文献的数据进行比较) • 使用正确的统计, 错误分析, 检查正确性和内部连贯性 • 用最合适的方法描述数据(使用表格和图形) • 无讨论!

27. 实验结果 • 常见问题 • 原始数据(无逻辑， 无组织，非总结性数据) • 缺少阴性数据来支持假设 • 重复冗长 • 讨论和解释数据 • 无图形和表格 • 讲述实验材料和方法

28. 讨论 • 总结相应的证据来支持每个结论 • 讨论实验中存在的问题, 缺陷和各种不确定因素 • 同其他的相关研究结果作比较 • 在理论或实践中的意义,重要性及局限性

29. 讨论 • 解释 • 这个研究是否证实或否定了假设 • 如果不是，实验结果是否证实了备择假设？如何解释？ • 实验结果是否与其他研究一致？误差原因、反常数据？ • 该研究对于其在所处领域的意义 • 对于该研究的改进和未来进一步深入研究的建议? • 相关的先前研究

30. 讨论 • 常见问题 • 混有实验结果 • 讨论未被提及的实验结果 • 粗略的陈述 • 错误地讨论非结论性的实验结果 • 歧义数据源 • 遗漏信息

31. 结论 • 总结该研究的发现 • 定位该研究在该领域中所处的位置 • 应用性的建议 • 作用 • 无参考文献

32. 图形和表格 • 表格 以列表的形式呈现数据或文本 • 图形 视觉上呈现研究结果，或对概念及方法进行图例说明 (照片, 影像, 图表, 等.) • 插图说明 必须一对一单独说明

33. 图形和表格 • 图形和表格的使用规则 • 高分辨率(期刊杂志的规则) • 标记清晰简洁 • 简单 • 格式清楚 • 指示误差 • 详细说明

34. 参考文献 • 核对杂志要求的参考文献的格式 • 应该参考： • 同行评审的期刊 ,摘要,书籍 • 不应该参考: • 非同行评审的著作,书籍,个人通信

35. 参考文献的格式 • 姓名，年份格式 Day, R. A. 1994. How to write and publish a scientific paper. 4th ed. Phoenix: Oryx press. Huth, E. J. 1986. Guidelines of authorship of medical papers. Ann. Intern. Med. 104: 269-274 Sproul, J., Klaaren, H., and Mannarino, F. 1993. Surgical treatment of Freiberg’s infraction in athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 21: 381-384 • 字母表格式 1. Day, R. A. 1994. How to write and publish a scientific paper. 4th ed. Phoenix: Oryx press. 2. Huth, E. J. 1986. Guidelines of authorship of medical papers. Ann. Intern. Med. 104: 269-274 3. Sproul, J., Klaaren, H., and Mannarino, F. 1993. Surgical treatment of Freiberg’s infraction in athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 21: 381-384 • 引用顺序格式 1. Huth, E. J. 1986. Guidelines of authorship of medical papers. Ann. Intern. Med. 104: 269-274 2. Sproul, J., Klaaren, H., and Mannarino, F. 1993. Surgical treatment of Freiberg’s infraction in athletes. Am. J. Sports Med. 21: 381-384 3. Day, R. A. 1994. How to write and publish a scientific paper. 4th ed. Phoenix: Oryx press.

36. 图形，表格& 参考文献 • 常见问题 • 格式 • (图形,表格, 公式, 模型 和参考文献) • 冗余信息 • 正文,图形,表格和插图说明 • 参考文献的类型

37. 如何发表 SCI文章? • 价值? • 时间因数? • 可能的评论者? • 评论者将会问什么样的问题? • 是否有答案? • 选择: 投稿之前将摘要寄给编辑

38. 发表和投稿 • 如何发表? • 摘要 vs. 整个研究报告 • Choosing the forum of manuscript • 最佳的期刊类型? • 谁是目标读者? • 研究领域 • 研究所投的期刊 • 出版指导 • 文章式样

39. 发表程序 • 发表程序(6~12月) • 作者投稿 • 原稿分配给编辑(每周一次的工作会议) • 编辑指定评审者 (准编辑) 审阅 • 评审者决定是否审阅文章 • 数个评审者审查及编辑 • 编辑判断修改后的准确性并决定是否接受该文章 • 若接受，编辑将文章连同所作的修改发还给作者 • 作者修正文章并再次发还 • 可能作第二次审阅 • 出版

40. 投稿后将发生什么? • 主编核对文章长度并分配给副编辑 • 副编辑联系评审者 • 评审者参与文章的审查 • 副编辑作出建议 • 主编核准建议并通知作者

41. 谁审查我的文章? • 同行鉴定. • 另外的向同一的期刊投稿的作者. • 从事同一研究的作者，往往选自你的参考文献中文章的作者 • 列入你感谢中的人需除外

42. 审阅后会发生什么? • 从审阅中我期望得到什么? 鉴定家 建议性意见 • 若不被接受我该怎么办? • 投另一家期刊 • 做更多的研究 • 决不放弃 ! • 若需要再次审查该怎么办? 联系评论者.

43. 如何处理评论者的评论? 注意礼节 使评论者舒服适意 尽最大努力对问题及评论进行解释 坦白和诚实 现实主义

44. Attempt to revise Editor’s decision • Rejected letter from editor “I regret that these deficiencies are regarded as sufficient to preclude acceptance of the paper for publication.  I realize that you and your co-authors will be disappointed by this negative decision, but I hope that the comments of the reviewers will be helpful in your future studies. Despite our decision to decline your manuscript, we thank you for allowing the Journal the opportunity to review your work”. • Letter of acceptance from editor “We welcome a revised manuscript that addresses the concerns of the reviewers, submitted only as a single PDF file and formatted as described in the instructions to author found at: http://www.jbc.org/misc/ifora.shtml”. • Feng H, Cheng T, Pavlos NH, Yip KHM, Carrello A, Seeber R, Eidne K, Zheng MH, Xu J (2008)Cytoplasmic terminus of a vacuolar type proton pump accessory subunit Ac45 is required for proper interaction with V0 domain subunits and efficient osteoclastic bone resorption. J Bio Chem [accepted Jan28, 2008 ePub ahead of publication]

45. Annals of Internal Medicine • Response to questions • 1. You write that 10,937 of the donations were predominantly obtained from retrieved femoral heads. Clarify what you mean by “predominantly.” Were some of these 10,937 donation tissues other than femoral heads? More generally, say something about the major categories of tissues: besides femoral heads, were these heart valves? cartilage? corneas? skin flaps? other tissues? Be as specific as you can. • We collected blood serological test results of 12,415 musculoskeletal tissue donors from 1993 through 2004. This comprised 10,937 surgical donations, all of which were obtained from retrieved femoral heads post primary hip arthroplasty, and 1,478 donations obtained from post-mortem organ donation patients and cadaveric donations, including bones (long bones, ribs), cartilage, tendon (achilles, cruciate ligaments), and fascia (fascia lata). Organ donation patients and cadaveric donors also donated other organs and tissues (including corneas, skin flaps, heart valves, etc), though we only included those who donated musculoskeletal tissue into our study. See the text….. • 2. You write that “the prevalence of anti-HIV and anti-HTLV among Australian tissue donors was nearly 2-fold higher than those of US tissue donors,” but anti-HIV appears to be greater in US tissue donors (92.57 US v. 64.44 AU). Please clarify, or otherwise correct our misunderstanding. • The mistake has been corrected. • Please refer to the manuscript: • - The sentence beginning in page 1, line 39: “Moreover, the prevalence of anti-HTLV among Australian tissue donors was nearly 2-fold higher than those of US tissue donors.”

46. 被接受后还需要做什么? • 最后排版 • 只需要期刊杂志做的： • 图形必须从文本中分离(tiff/eps 格式) • Author biographies and photos • 版权移交表 • 上传/递交最终的电子版拷贝 • Pay page costs (journal) or register for conference • 校样

47. 潜在危险: • 未经许可不要使用别的文章中的图形. • 确信你已在文章中列明了研究保证人. • 自窃: 在同一时间只在一家讨论会或期刊杂志中投稿 • Not showing at a conference: Most conferences won't publish if you don't show.

48. 总结 • 正确地定位你的读者是成为高效率作品的最关键的部分。 • 从令人兴奋的材料开始，在清晰的结论中结束。 • 结构VS 语句 • 简单句 • 忌使用在简单句中超过29个字 • 为了优秀的审查者，选择合适的参考文献 • Always have a rebuttal with the Editor if the paper is rejected • 发行出版是证明你的工作. Gopen GD, et al., American Scientist 78, 1990