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Hypnosis

Hypnosis. Qualities of Hypnosis. May or may not feel sleepy Usually feel more relaxed Increased susceptibility to suggestions Enhanced imagery and imagination Loss of Initiative. Qualities of Hypnosis (continued). Availability of visual memories from the past, though possibly distorted

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Hypnosis

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  1. Hypnosis

  2. Qualities of Hypnosis • May or may not feel sleepy • Usually feel more relaxed • Increased susceptibility to suggestions • Enhanced imagery and imagination • Loss of Initiative

  3. Qualities of Hypnosis (continued) • Availability of visual memories from the past, though possibly distorted • Lack of desire to make and carry out plans • Retains ability to initiate or terminate actions

  4. Qualities of Hypnosis (continued) • Reduction in Reality Testing • Change in personality • Accept falsified memories • Modify the rate which they process time • Experience the presence of an object that isn’t there or visa versa

  5. Standardized Tests for Hypnotic Susceptibility • Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale • Three forms: • A and B: Emphasize compliance with motor related suggestions • Are parallel, permitting test-retest reliability • C: Emphasizes Cognitive components of hypnotic susceptibility

  6. Standardized Tests for Hypnotic Susceptibility • Barber Suggestibility Scale: • Like the Stanford test, performed on an individual basis, rated by the examiner • Consists of Only 8 Tasks

  7. Standardized Tests for Hypnotic Susceptibility • Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility • Administered in a group setting • Subjects score themselves • Less accurate

  8. Different Hypnotic Susceptibility Tests

  9. Physiological Changes • Greater advantage of left body parts • Tendency to go towards the right • Increased Respiration Rates • Decreased Heart Rate • Changes in Cortical ERPs

  10. Hypnotherapy: Habit Control • Obesity • Direct Suggestion • Ego - Enhancing Suggestions • Mental Imagery • Self Hypnosis • Audiotapes

  11. Hypnotherapy: Habit Control • Smoking: • Concentrate on three ideas: • Cigarettes are poison to the body • Life is not possible without the body • Life is possible only if one respects and protect’s one’s body • Success Rates: • One Treatment: 20% • Five Treatment: 63%

  12. Hypnotherapy: Phobias • Used along with systematic sensitization • Uses imagery of being around a snake • Very successful in reducing phobias both in and outside of laboratory settings

  13. Hypnosis and Pain Control • Analgesia: The removal of existing pain • Anesthesia: The prevention of the pain that is not currently present • Today, primarily used in conjunction with chemical anesthesia

  14. Hypnosis and Memory • Amnesia: The loss of memory • Hyperamnesia: Improving an individual’s memory for events experienced in the past • Reports of witnesses providing new evidence while hypnotized • Many reports of inaccurate recollection or confabulation

  15. Hypnosis and Memory • Hypnotic Age Regression: Taking subjects back n time to recall events that happened to them • In the news recently about hypnosis being used to recall childhood sexual abuse. Is this accurate?

  16. Hypnosis and Perception • Hypnotic suggestions lead to improvement in visual acuity in myopic (nearsighted) subjects • Hypnotic Deafness can affect auditory sensitivity on Visual Choice Reaction Time • Increased performance on the Stroop Test

  17. Contemporary Theories of Hypnosis • Trance Theory: Hypnosis involves a trance during which the subject is in a heightened state of susceptibility to suggestion • Hidden Observer: When asked to write down information, will often reveal info against what he/she has already said • Changes in cognition

  18. Contemporary Theories of Hypnosis • Sociological Role Theory: Hypnotized individuals behave as they do because they are striving to enact the role of a hypnotized subject as it is defined by the hypnotist and society in general • There is no significant cognitive change

  19. Contemporary Theories of Hypnosis • Task-Motivation Theory: Hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, rather it is a predisposition in a normal state of awareness to attend to commands and suggestions from a hypnotist.

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