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Experiments and Observational Studies

This study investigates the effects of different coaching techniques—specifically yelling at players and physical abuse—on the performance of 120 soccer players divided into various groups (freshmen, JV, and varsity for both girls and boys). The participants were subjected to four treatment conditions: no yelling and no abuse, yelling without abuse, no yelling with abuse, and yelling with abuse. The design includes a placebo control to assess bias. The findings aim to clarify how different coaching methods influence athletes' performance and reveal potential lurking variables in sports coaching.

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Experiments and Observational Studies

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Experiments and Observational Studies Ch. 13

  2. Coaching Experiment • Factors • Yelling at players • Physical Abuse • Levels • Yelling: not at all/all the time • Physical Abuse: not at all/all the time

  3. Coaching Experiment • Treatments • No yelling, no abuse • Yelling, no abuse • No yelling, abuse • Yelling, abuse

  4. Coaching Experiment • Participants • 120 soccer players • Blocks • Freshmen Girls • Freshmen Boys • JV Girls • JV Boys • Varsity Girls • Varsity Boys

  5. Diagraming the Experiment Random Treatment A Treatment B 20 Varsity girls Compare match performance Treatment C Block Treatment D 120 soccer players Random Treatment A Treatment B 20 Varsity boys Compare match performance Treatment C Treatment D

  6. Control Group • Provides a baseline for comparing the effects of the other treatments

  7. Placebo • Sometimes participants in a treatment group will show a change in the response variable just because they know they are in the treatment group • we try to make the treatment group and the control group as similar as possible by using a dummy treatment called a placebo • Placebo effect – participants in the control group show a change in the response variable

  8. No Special Treatment for Treatments • People who may influence the results or people who evaluate the results may have bias for or against treatments • Try to eliminate the sources of bias by blinding • Single-blind – all influencers or all evaluators are blinded • Double-blind – all influencers and all evaluators are blinded

  9. What Can Go Wrong • Lurking variable – a variable the is not among the explanatory variables in a study but that may influence the response variable • Confounding – when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished

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