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History of Ancient Egypt

History of Ancient Egypt. Hieroglyphics. Ancient Egyptian writing Contained more than 2,000 symbols Written in columns or rows Reading direction was determined by the direction the animals in the symbols faced. Religion. Over 700 gods and goddess Two main categories Household gods

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History of Ancient Egypt

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  1. History of Ancient Egypt

  2. Hieroglyphics • Ancient Egyptian writing • Contained more than 2,000 symbols • Written in columns or rows • Reading direction was determined by the direction the animals in the symbols faced

  3. Religion • Over 700gods and goddess • Two main categories • Household gods • Local, state, or national gods • Common people worshiped mainly local or household gods • People also worshiped gods of their occupation

  4. Movie on Pyramids Click picture to view video.

  5. Great Pyramid at Giza • Largest pyramid ever built • Stone blocks weighed an average of 2.5 tons • Contains approx. 2,300,000 stones • Built for king Khufu around 2500 B.C.

  6. Theories of Pyramid Construction • Many theories exist • Ramps built on inclined planes that were increased in length and width as the pyramid grew • Step pyramid built first • Pyramids in the 12th and 13th dynasties were built differently

  7. Pharaohs

  8. Pharaohs Continued

  9. Mummification • Body was link to spiritual existence in afterlife • Old Kingdom, process reserved for pharaohs and top advisors • Middle and New Kingdom, extended to general population • Dry, hot climate caused natural mummification for poor • Process lasted over 2 months • 3 main people involved: • Scribe • Cutter • Embalmer

  10. Priests • Role was to care for needs of gods and goddesses • New priests chosen by Pharaoh • Pharaoh had power to transfer and promote priests • Requirements while priests were on duty: • Wear only linens or clothing made from plants • Shaveheads and bodies daily • Take cold baths several times daily • Practice sexual abstinence

  11. Temples Cultus Temples MortuaryTemples • Dedicated to worship of specific god • 2 types of ceremonies to gods: • Daily ceremony giving offering and providing for needs of gods • Special festivals, only time ordinary people allowed to participate • Built to honor deceased pharaoh and worship them as a god • Temple of Ramses II at Thebes is an example

  12. Women • Regarded as equal to men according to law • Allowed to: • Own property • Borrow money • Sign contracts • Initiate divorce • Unable to become pharaoh except due to very special circumstances • Head of household were primarily men

  13. Education Boys Girls • Learned from father • Supplemented by training in given field • Apprenticeship to master in trade (usually father for scribes) • Taught by mother • No other formal schooling

  14. Social Pyramid

  15. Timeline Intermediate Period 2184 B.C. 3rd Intermediate Period 1070 B.C. Graco-Roman Period 33 B.C. 2nd Intermediate Period 1782 B.C. The Early Dynasty 3100 - 30 B.C. New Kingdom 1570 B.C. Old Kingdom 2700 B.C. Middle Kingdom 2040 B.C. Late Period 525 B.C.

  16. Websites Used • http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/36/42/22184236.jpg • http://www.greatscott.com/hiero/index.html • http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/gods_introduction.htm • http://pharaoh.heavengames.com/pics/historyscans/greatpyramidinside.jpg • http://homepage.powerup.com.au/~ancient/pyra1.htm • http://interoz.com/egypt/construction/construc.htm • http://www.kingtutone.com/pharaohs/ • http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/religion_role_of_priest.htm • http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/religion_mumification.htm • http://historylink101.net/images/egyptian-mummy.jpg • http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/religion_temples.htm • http://www.galen-frysinger.ws/egypt/komombo03.jpg • http://www.womenintheancientworld.com/women_in_ancient_egypt.htm • http://www.touregypt.net/historicalessays/lifeinEgypt7.htm • http://www.crystalinks.com/socialpyramid.gif • http://library.thinkquest.org/5751/images/timeline.gif

  17. History of Ancient Egypt

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