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Extended Twin Kinship Designs

Extended Twin Kinship Designs. Limitations of Twin Studies. Limited to “ACE” model No test of assumptions of twin design C biased by assortative mating, passive rGE , stratification C and D tend to cancel

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Extended Twin Kinship Designs

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  1. Extended Twin Kinship Designs

  2. Limitations of Twin Studies • Limited to “ACE” model • No test of assumptions of twin design • C biased by assortative mating, passive rGE, stratification • C and D tend to cancel • Cannot separate components of C: vertical cultural inheritance, extra-familial shared environment, special C in twins, parent-child interaction • Twin pairs are same age

  3. Extending the Phenotype Parents World Me Spouse Siblings Child Extended Phenotype

  4. Extending Twin Kinships

  5. Extensions: Design • Twins and Parents (TAP) • Longitudinal Twins and Parents (LTAP) • Children of Twins (COT) • Spouses of Twins (SPOT) • Siblings of Twins • The Full Monty: Extended Twin Kinship Design E.T. (AKA “Stealth”, “Cascade”).

  6. Extensions: Assessment • MEASURE THE ENVIRONMENT • MEASURE THE GENOTYPE • MEASURE THE ENDOPHENOTYPE AND EPIGENOME • DYADIC ASSESSMENT (interactions of relative pairs).

  7. Some else’s model may not suit your problem Be creative!!!

  8. Parents of Twins • Anticipate “adult outcome” of child phenotype (quick and dirty developmental study) • Provide environment for offspring (parent-child interaction) • Spousal resemblance • Clue to non-additive genetic effects

  9. Siblings of Twins • “Are twins special? Funny? Different?” • Sibling interaction effects, confluence, density, family size (also non-twin singletons) • Age-moderation of family resemblance (are different genes/environments expressed at different ages – GxAge interaction).

  10. Children of Twins • Resolve effects of maternal and offspring genotype on offspring behavior • Resolve genetic and non-genetic components of parent-child resemblance

  11. The Virginia 30,000

  12. Unpacking Assortative Mating

  13. Phenotypic Assortment

  14. Assortment for Latent Trait

  15. Social Homogamy

  16. Spousal Intersaction

  17. The mediating effect of parental neglect on adolescent and young adult anti-sociality: A longitudinal study of twins and their parents (LTAP). Lindon Eaves, Liz Prom, Judy Silberg

  18. Parental ASP and Child Neglect/Adversity

  19. So: Does neglect cause childhood antisocial behavior (“environmentally”)?ORIs it a result of the fact that neglect is an expression of (genetic?) anti-social behavior in the parents?OR BOTH.

  20. Conceptual Model

  21. Initial Model for Genetic Effects

  22. Polychoriccorrelations between anti-social behavior of (adult) parents and adult and juvenile anti-social behavior of their offspring.

  23. Twin correlations

  24. Model comparison

  25. Genetic effects of assortment and Passive rGE Significant assortment doesn’t do much genetically (here) Not much passive rGE even though parental ASP genetic and affects child’s environment

  26. Non-genetic transmission

  27. Unique and Shared Environment

  28. Children of Twins (COT) Unraveling the effect of genes and environment in the transmission of parental antisocial behavior to children’s conduct disturbance, depression, and hyperactivity. Judy Silberg, HermineMaes, Lindon Eaves

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