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Exploring the Inupiat Culture: Traditions and Challenges

Discover the rich heritage of the Inupiat people, their customs, traditional tools, and cultural patterns. Learn about their demographics, language, and the impacts of Western influence. Explore issues like urbanization, oppression, and the effects of global warming.

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Exploring the Inupiat Culture: Traditions and Challenges

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  1. Indigenous Iñupiat PeopleMadeline HallMichaela HernandezMichael PryerChris Ramirez

  2. Iñupiat The name "Inupiaq," means "real or genuine person” • Traditional clothing: outer and inner pullover tops (Parkas ,Kuspuks/qiipaghaq) • Outer and inner pants • Socks, Boots • Tops/Pants=Caribou Skin with fur • Fur faces inside on inner garments, outside on outer garments

  3. Where do they reside? • Historically, Inupiat people can be found in North Western Alaska within the artic circle, but they also previously conquered the Circumpolar North(Canada, Siberia, and Alaska). • They are currently located all over the world. 1,820 Bering Strait Inupiat 3,675 Kotzebue Sound Inupiat 1,850 North Alaska Coast Inupiat 1,050 Interior North Inupiat

  4. Demographics and Language • Barrow, (population 4,434) and Kotzebue, (3,107), are the region's largest cities where the population is mostly Inupiat Eskimo. • Alaskan Inupiaq includes two major dialect groups: North Alaskan Inupiaq and Seward Peninsula Inupiaq. • Alaska is home to about 13,500 Inupiat, of whom about 3,000, mostly over age 40, speak the language.

  5. Houses and Settlement • Traditionally, homes are usually made from sod blocks, laid over driftwood or whale bone and walrus bone frames(dome-shaped). • Usually hold 8 to 12 people

  6. Resources • Their lives evolve around the whale, walrus, seal, polar bear, caribou and fish. • Birds and Eggs are important part of diet.

  7. Video Iñupiaq Whale Hunt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAqEK7K5oCQ

  8. Traditional Tools • Variety of stone, wood, bone, and ivory • Bow Drill: starts fires, drills holes • Hunting equipment and tool kits are separate

  9. Traditional Transportation • Umiaqis a large open skin boat, 15 - 25 feet long (carried up to 15 people) • Kayaks • Baset sled • Snowshoes

  10. Cyclical annual activities and traditions Winter months with little to no sunlight Summer activities Fall harvest and preparations for winter Inupiat Cultural Patterns

  11. Historically Rural • Traditionally and historically live in arctic tundra and sub-arctic areas • The only plants that thrive are small shrubs and lichen • Mammals that survive on land are compact and stocky to retain heat

  12. Western Contact

  13. Poverty & Wealth • Pre-contact Inupiat societies were stable with their own economic structure • Post-contact Inupiat societies have been impoverished • Social problems • Loss of culture • Apathy

  14. Education • Western education ignores traditional Inupiat education and knowledge • Forced ‘special education’ programs • Mind vs. Body • Low motivation to complete education • Lack of tools/finances to go onto college • Urbanized and assimilated youth

  15. War and Peace • Historically divided and at war within Inupiat society • Alliance and Conflict by Ernest Burch Jr. • Ten separate nations • Stereotype of docile and submissive Eskimos • Assimilation post-contact

  16. Minority Status • Alaska Natives are 15% of the population within Alaska • Inupiaq are only a fraction of this number • With historical and ongoing assimilation culture is disappearing

  17. Oppression • Children forced into boarding school system • Missionaries/Christianization • Enforced destruction of language and religion • Subsistence-restricting laws • Forced urbanization/modernization

  18. Segregation/Forced Integration • Boarding schools • JOM program • Separate health care • Absorbed into growing urban centers and Missionary towns

  19. Darlene Wilson Age 21 Juneau, AK September 2012

  20. CURRENT ISSUES • WESTERNIZATION • URBANIZATION • Lack of education • Depression • Alcoholism • Domestic Abuse • Racism

  21. IÑUPIAT & GLOBAL WARMING • Many Iñupiat people depend on subsistence living. • It is becoming harder to hunt the whales, seals, and walrus that are needed for survival. • http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALDEVELOPMENT/0,,contentMDK:21951825~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:244363,00.html

  22. Ontological What exist??? Roots in Animism Spirits Supernatural Existence

  23. Epistemological • Reincarnation and recycling of spirit • Deceased members names given to newborns

  24. Religious/ Spiritual Animism Natural Physical Entities Christianity Missions Holidays

  25. Ethical Teachings • Relationship Reciprocal Responsibility Redistrubtion Respect Elder Care Community

  26. Core Values/ Social Beliefs • Immediate kin • Endogamous • Kinship ties • Umialik • Extended family • Importance of children

  27. Relation to Society • Manifest Destiny • Global Warming • Protestant Missions

  28. Rituals/ Ceremonies/ Practices • Qargi club houses • North Slope Festival • Messenger Feast • Qatizut s

  29. Sources • http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/article.php?artID=196 • http://library.thinkquest.org/22550/inupiaq.html • http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/languages/i/

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