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Latin America & Caribbean

Land Administration Mini-Retreat. Latin America & Caribbean. Grenville Barnes. Land Administration Projects and Funding Agency. CARIBBEAN Jamaica (IDB) Trinidad & Tobago (IDB) Bahamas (IDB) Dominican Republic (IDB) Antigua & OECS Countries (OAS) Turks and Caicos (DFID).

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Latin America & Caribbean

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  1. Land Administration Mini-Retreat Latin America & Caribbean Grenville Barnes

  2. Land Administration Projects and FundingAgency CARIBBEAN Jamaica (IDB) Trinidad & Tobago (IDB) Bahamas (IDB) Dominican Republic (IDB) Antigua & OECS Countries (OAS) Turks and Caicos (DFID) MEXICO (WB & IDB) SOUTH AMERICA Guyana (IDB, DFID) Colombia (IDB) Ecuador (IDB, WB) Peru (IDB, WB, USAID) Brazil (IDB) Bolivia (WB, USAID, Neth, Nordic) Paraguay (IDB) Suriname (Neth. IDB) CENTRAL AMERICA Belize (IDB) Guatemala (WB) Honduras (WB, EU, IDB) El Salvador (USAID, WB) Nicaragua (WB, MCC) Costa Rica (IDB) Panama (WB, IDB) [http://www.property-registration.org/Project-list.html]

  3. Increasing Specialization • Titling/Cadastral • Land Administration • Land Access • Vulnerable • Indigenous/traditional

  4. Cost/Benefit • No systematic understanding of costs • Benefits: • credit • market distribution • natural resource management • access by poor • infrastructure • Empirical data is not convincing “.. Getting it right…?”

  5. Technical Focus • Why does the country with one of the most dynamic land markets not have: • legal cadastre • integrated cadastre/registry • geo-referenced land parcels • compulsory registration • registration of title ?

  6. Barriers to GPS Technology Adoption Adoption and Diffusion of GPS technology Need to define property parcels in a rapid and cost-effective manner Scarcity of Capital Unstable Economy Political Unrest Inaccessibility of Knowledge Retention Problems Lack of Training Operational Problems Technological Discontinuity (adapted from Niemann, Ventura et al 1988)

  7. What is Happening to Community-based Property in LAC • Neo-liberal land policies beginning in 1990s • favors individual marketable property • How have community tenure responded to these policies and globalization forces? • Evolution related to: • governance • culture (e.g. Maya, Kuna) • external factors – tourism, community forestry Indigenous + Traditional (rubber-tappers, chicleros)

  8. RESOURCE TENURE VERSUS LAND TENURE (Pando, Bolivia) Source: Cronkleton and Albornoz 2007

  9. Informality • Following titling many subsequent transactions are not formalized: • Inheritance • sales • affordable? • Difficult to develop integrated registry/cadastre institutions • “single window” approach • integrated database (separate institutions)

  10. Searching for Resilient Land Systems • Resilience = ability of a system to absorb shocks and still maintain its fundamental structure and function • Factors affecting resilience: • connectivity • livelihood strategies (migratory labor) • generational transformations Resilience assumes change and tries to explain stability, instead of assuming stability and explaining change …(Folke et al 2003)

  11. Local Governance • Transparency • Accountability • Polycentric Institutions • Vertical integration (scale) Is there a linkage between national level measurement of Governance and community-level Governance ? SCALE MATTERS!

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