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Ferry Transit Capacity

Ferry Transit Capacity. Presentation Overview. Learning objectives Ferry facilities and service Vessels Ferry terminals Operations Capacity considerations. Learning Objectives.

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Ferry Transit Capacity

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  1. Ferry Transit Capacity

  2. Presentation Overview Learning objectives Ferry facilities and service Vessels Ferry terminals Operations Capacity considerations

  3. Learning Objectives • Gain an understanding of the wide variety of vessels, service types, and conditions which influence ferry service • Unlike other transit services, ferry services tend to vary widely and have little in common with each other • Presentation of vessel access considerations and typical terminal configurations • Become familiar with factors affecting ferry capacity: • Berth capacity • Dock capacity • Vessel passenger capacity

  4. Changes from the 2nd Edition • Re-organization of chapter for clarity • Updated content • Removal of material unnecessarily specific to certain systems • Generalization of other content to increase applicability • Discussion of maritime security (MARSEC) • Purpose is to promote a framework for understanding ferry operations and capacity instead of specific approaches for certain system types • New spreadsheet tool for helping evaluate ferry transit capacity

  5. Ferry Facilitiesand Service Colman Dock, Seattle

  6. Ferry Facilities and Service Boston • Ferries provide a significant transit element in many cities: • New York • San Francisco • Seattle • Vancouver, BC • Boston • Also in smaller communities: • Nantucket – Martha’s Vineyard • Victoria, BC

  7. Many Systems Go Unnoticed Ferry on Puget Sound, WA • Washington has: • Eight publicly owned ferry operators with 16 routes • At least three privately operated systems • Several tourist systems (excursions)

  8. Distinct Types of Ferry Service Water taxi, Baltimore Mixed auto–passenger Passenger-only Water taxies

  9. Route Types Ferry services crossing San Francisco Bay Crossing bodies of water Island service Parallel to shoreline Two-stop routes Multi-stop routes

  10. Factors Unique to Ferry Service Harbor ferries, Copenhagen • Tidal influence (ranges from minimal to 40 feet) • Water body and shoreline • Harbor congestion • Weather (fog, wind) • Vessels are usually one or few of a kind • Berthing requirements vary byvessel class • Length, width, freeboard,door locations • Island service requirements • Emergency, commercial,reservations, other

  11. Factors Unique to Ferry Service (cont’d.) • Most trips are multimodal • System lack of spare vessels • Operation by non-traditional transit providers • Regulatory environment (US Coast Guard) • Certificates of Inspection – Capacity • Crew size (dispatch problems) • Security requirements • MARSEC Levels 1, 2, and 3

  12. Ferry Vessels Staten Island Ferry, New York

  13. Factors Determining Vessel Type • Type of service • Auto–passenger, passenger-only, water taxi • Required speed • Conventional or high-speed • Environmental factors • Seas, reliability • Operational costs • Speed-dependent

  14. Vessel Types Catamaran, Sydney, Australia Monohull Catamarans Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) Hydrofoils Surface effect ships Hovercraft

  15. Ferry Terminals Ferry Building dock, San Francisco

  16. Factors Influencing Ferry Terminal Siting Ferry terminal, Sidney, British Columbia • Difficult shoreline issues – residential, downtown, industrial • Public access – views – aesthetics • Shoreline conditions • Water depth • Currents • Fetch & breakwaters • Marine traffic • Marine life

  17. Terminal Elements SeaBus Terminal, North Vancouver, British Columbia • Street access • Terminal building • Lobby (open queuing area) • Ticketing (fare sales) • Control (collection, passenger count, security) • Secure holding (security, pre-load) • Boarding control

  18. Terminal Elements (cont’d.) Circular Quay, Sydney, Australia • Vessel access • Pier (deep water) • Berth (mooring) • Ramp (elevation) • Gangway (access)

  19. Example Terminal Configuration Boarding Control Berths Ticket Collection Security Passenger Count Secure Holding Gangways Ticketing Lobby Street Access Terminal Building Ramp Pier

  20. Issues with Multiple Routes at a Single Terminal Boarding Control Berths Ticket Collection Security Passenger Count Secure Holding Gangways Ticketing Lobby Street Access Terminal Building Ramp Pier • Passenger control and separation by route • Simultaneous vessel landings can occur • Embarkation and disembarkation conflicts

  21. More Common Terminal Arrangement #1 Boarding Control Berths Ticket Collection Security Passenger Count Secure Holding Gangways Ticketing Lobby Street Access Terminal Building Piers Ramps

  22. More Common Terminal Arrangement #2 Gangways Boarding Control Ticket Collection Security Passenger Count Ticketing Lobby Street Access Terminal Building Ramp Pier Secure Holding

  23. Operations Active Pass, British Columbia

  24. Routes and Crossing Capacity Multi-stop ferry service, Brisbane, Australia • Multi-stop routes: • Passengers may or may not disembark at a stop • Passenger count is difficult to maintain • First-in first-out pre-staging passengers is difficult • Crossing between two points: • All passengers disembark at each stop

  25. Capacity Island ferry service, Fur, Denmark

  26. Berth Capacity • Berth capacity: Arrival service time • Vessel clearance time • Maneuver • Tie up • Gangway placement • Disembarking time • Passenger volume – bottleneck location • Passenger walking times (from vessel to holding area access)

  27. Berth Capacity (cont’d.) • Berth capacity: Departure service time • Embarking time • Passenger volume – bottleneck location • Passenger walking times (from holding area to vessel) • Vessel clearance time • Gangway removal • Tie up • Maneuver • Total of departure service time, arrival service time, and an operating margin to account for delays gives the minimum service time per vessel • These times will be different for different vessels using a berth, and will vary by time of day with passenger volumes • These service times determine the maximum number of vessels that can be scheduled to use a berth during an hour

  28. Notes on Berth Capacity (cont’d.) • Simultaneous disembarking and embarking • May not be viable due to security requirements • Difficult at best—no control in a hazardous area • Passenger load control is difficult • Automobile embarking and disembarking • Procedure included in TCQSM • Not addressed further in this presentation • Schedule float/operating margin • Additional time for consideration of uncertain or extreme conditions

  29. Dock and Route Capacity • Dock capacity • Sum of individual berth capacities • Number of vessels serving berth in an hour • Passenger capacity of vessel(s) serving berth (not all vessels using a given berth may be identical) • Vessel passenger capacities will vary by amount of crew provided • Route/crossing capacity • Vessel frequency • Vessel passenger capacity • Peak hour factor (PHF) • Accounts for fluctuations in demand during the analysis hour • Not all offered capacity will be able to be used, except under a reservation system, if pass-ups are not to occur • Capacity = (frequency) ×(weighted average vessel passenger capacity) ×(PHF)

  30. More Information • TCRP Report 165: TCQSM—Chapter 9, Ferry Transit Capacity • Ferry capacity spreadsheet included on the CD-ROM • TCRP Report 152: Guidelines for Ferry Transportation Services • TCRP Synthesis 102: Integrating Passenger Ferry Service with Mass Transit • All of these documents are available as: • Free individual printed copies and PDF downloads through the TCRP Dissemination Programhttp://www.tcrponline.org • Free PDF downloads directly from TCRPhttp://www.trb.org/TCRP/Public/TCRP.aspx (Publications section)or simply do an Internet search for the report number (e.g., TCRP Report 165) • Individual or multiple copy purchases from the TRB Bookstorehttp://books.trbbookstore.org/

  31. Acknowledgments and Permissions • Presentation authors • Bill Carter and Ryan Avery (Parsons Brinkerhoff, Quade & Douglass) • Photo credits • Colman Dock: Bill Carter • All others: Paul Ryus • This presentation was developed through TCRP Project A-15C • Research team: Kittelson & Associates; Parsons Brinkerhoff, Quade & Douglass; KFH Group; Texas A&M Transportation Institute; and Arup • This presentation and its contents may be freely distributed and used, with appropriate credit to the presentation authors and photographers, and the Transit Cooperative Research Program

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